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BIO 200 > Chapter 5: Digestive System Part II > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Digestive System Part II Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pathology of the Digestive System

A
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2
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack of appetite

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3
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

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4
Q

Borborygmus (plural: borborygmi)

A

Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract.

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5
Q

Constipation

A

Difficulty in passing stools.

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6
Q

Diarrhea

A

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.

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7
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing.

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8
Q

Eructation

A

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth.

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9
Q

Flatus

A

Gas expelled through the anus.

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10
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum.

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11
Q

Jaundice (icterus) (hyperbilirubinemia)

A

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood.

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12
Q

Jaundice (Hyperbilirubinemia) Breakdown

A
  • Hemoglobin (is broken down by macrophages into)
  • Heme and Globin
  • Heme is broken down into bilirubin (excreted by liver in bile) and iron (reused or stored in liver, spleen, or bone marrow)
  • Globin is broken into protein.
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13
Q

Melena

A

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood. (The fecal matter contains digested blood that has been sitting for at least 10-12 hours in the digestive system). (You might have a bleeding disorder in the upper part of your digestive system like in your stomach or in your esophagus when blood mixes with Hydrochloric acid from the stomach which typically turns it gray ish or dark black).

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14
Q

Nausea

A

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit.

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15
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter. (The fat digestive process is not taking place properly. It could be that you are lacking fat digesting enzymes, lipases, secreted by the pancreas, or maybe your consumption of fat is a little too much the last couple of meals you consumed).

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16
Q

Aphthous stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers.

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17
Q

Dental caries

A

Tooth decay

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18
Q

Herpetic stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus.

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19
Q

Oral leukoplakia

A

White plaques or patches. (Pre-cancerous and often seen in smokers and those who chew tobacco).

20
Q

Periodontal disease

A

Inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.

21
Q

Achalasia

A

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax. (The food that needs to enter the stomach is basically sitting and standing by because the sphincter muscle is failing to relax).

22
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the esophagus.

23
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.

24
Q

Gastric carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of the stomach.

25
Q

Liver cirrhosis

A

Alcoholism

26
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.

27
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum.

28
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it.

29
Q

Anal fistula

A

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.

30
Q

Colonic polyposis

A

Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.

31
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both.

32
Q

Crohn disease (Ulcerative Colitis)(Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD))

A

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.

33
Q

Diverticulosis (Diverticula / diverticuli) (Diverticulosis / Diverticulitis)

A

Abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall.

34
Q

Dysentery

A

Painful, inflamed intestines

35
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region.

36
Q

Ileus

A

Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.

37
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine.

38
Q

Intussusception

A

Telescoping of the intestines.

39
Q

IBS

A

Irritable bowel syndrome - group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension.

40
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers.

41
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestines on itself.

42
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.

43
Q

Pancreatic cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the pancreas.

44
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas.

45
Q

Viral hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.

46
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones in the gallbladder.

BIO 200 (17 decks)

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