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BIO 200 > Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Structural Organization of the Body

A

Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems

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2
Q

Cells

A

The fundamental unit of all living things.

Major parts of a cell include:
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum

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3
Q

Metabolism

A

Anabolism + Catabolism

All of the chemical reactions that are taking place within our body.

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4
Q

Anabolism

A

The building process.

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5
Q

Catabolism

A

The break down process.

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6
Q

Cell Membrane

A

The barrier that divides and protects what’s inside of the cell.

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7
Q

Chromosomes

A

Contain our DNA or our genetic information.

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Providing the medium to hold or to suspend cytoplasmic organelles.

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9
Q

DNA

A

DNA makes up our genetic composition.

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10
Q

Cells

A

Cells are specialized to carry out individual functions.

-Epithelial cell (protective barrier) (skin, digestive tract, and urinary system)
-Fat cell
-Nerve cell
-Muscle cell (involved in locomotion)

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11
Q

Tissues

A

-Epithelial tissue
-Muscle tissue
-Connective tissue
-Nerve tissue

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12
Q

Organs

A

Different types of tissue combine to form an organ.

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13
Q

Systems

A

Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions.

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14
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Fat tissue

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15
Q

Cartilage

A

Bony

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16
Q

Histologist

A

Specialist in the study of tissues.

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17
Q

Larynx

A

Produces voice and contains the vocal cords.

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18
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

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19
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Deep inside the brain

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20
Q

Thyroid gland

A

In our neck or in our upper chest area.

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21
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe

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22
Q

Ureter and Urethra

A

Making up a part of the urinary system.

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23
Q

Uterus

A

Part of the female reproductive system.

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24
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs are collectively known as viscera.

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25
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Brain

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26
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

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27
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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28
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters; uterus and vagina in female.

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29
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Nerves of the spinal cord.

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30
Q

Body Cavities

A

Body cavities are the spaces within the body that contain internal organs (viscera).

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31
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen.

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32
Q

Dorsal

A

Posterior

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33
Q

Ventral

A

Anterior, front

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34
Q

Mediastinum

A

Central cavity within the thorax.

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35
Q

Peritoneum

A

Cavity that is contained within the abdominal cavity.

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36
Q

Pluera

A

Double layered membrane structure surrounding the lungs on each side.

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37
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Part of the pluera

38
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants (9)

A
  • Right hypochondriac region
  • Left hypochondriac region
  • Epigastric region
  • Right lumbar region
  • Left lumbar region
  • Umbilical region
  • Right inguinal region (Right iliac region)
  • Left inguinal region (Left iliac region)
  • Hypogastric region
39
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants

A

Quadrants:

  • Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
  • Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
  • Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
  • Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
40
Q

Anatomical Divisions of the Back

A

-Cervial
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal

41
Q

Related Terms of the Back:

A
  • Vertebra
  • Vertebrae
  • Spinal column
  • Spinal cord
  • Disk (disc) (absorbs and is compression for the spinal cord)
42
Q

Positional and Directional Terms

A
  • Anterior (ventral) in front
  • Posterior (dorsal) the back
  • Deep, inside
  • Superficial, outside
  • Proximal, closer to the point of attachment
  • Distal, farther away from the point of attachment
  • Inferior, pointing towards the bottom
  • Superior, pointing toward the top
  • Medial, closer to the center
  • Lateral, farther away from the center
  • Supine, laying on your back
  • Prone, laying on your belly
43
Q

Planes of the Body

A
  • Frontal (coronal)
  • Sagittal (lateral)
  • Transverse (cross-sectional or axial)
44
Q

Abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

45
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

46
Q

Anter/o

A

Front

47
Q

Bol/o

A

To cast (throw)

48
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck (of the body or uterus)

49
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

50
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

51
Q

Coccyg/o

A

Coccyx (tailbone)

52
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

53
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

54
Q

Dist/o

A

Far, distant

55
Q

Dors/o

A

Back portion of the body

56
Q

Hist/o, histi/o

A

Tissue

57
Q

ili/o

A

Ilium (of the pelvic bone)

58
Q

inguin/o

A

Groin

59
Q

Kary/o

A

Nucleus

60
Q

Later/o

A

Side

61
Q

Lumb/o

A

Lower back

62
Q

Medi/o

A

Middle

63
Q

Nucle/o

A

Nucleus

64
Q

Pelv/i

A

Pelvis

65
Q

Poster/o

A

Back, behind

66
Q

Proxim/o

A

Nearest

67
Q

Sacr/o

A

Sacrum

68
Q

Sarc/o

A

Flesh

69
Q

Spin/o

A

Spine, backbone

70
Q

Thel/o, theli/o

A

Nipple

71
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest

72
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea, windpipe

73
Q

Umbilic/o

A

Navel, umbilicus

74
Q

Ventr/o

A

Belly side of the body

75
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra(e), backbone(s)

76
Q

Viscer/o

A

Internal organs

77
Q

Ana-

A

Up

78
Q

Cata-

A

Down

79
Q

Epi-

A

Above

80
Q

Hypo-

A

Below

81
Q

Inter-

A

Between

82
Q

Meta-

A

Change

83
Q

-eal

A

Pertaining to

84
Q

-iac

A

Pertaining to

85
Q

-ior

A

Pertaining to

86
Q

-ism

A

Process, condition

87
Q

-ose

A

Pertaining to, full of

88
Q

-plasm

A

Formation

89
Q

-somes

A

Bodies

90
Q

-type

A

Picture, classification

BIO 200 (17 decks)

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