Chapter 5: Digestive System

Question 1

Anorexia

Answer 1

Lack of appetite.

Question 2

Ascites

Answer 2

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

Question 3

Borborygmi

Answer 3

Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, on both in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 4

Constipation

Answer 4

Difficulty passing stools

Question 5

Diarrhea

Answer 5

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.

Question 6

Dysphasia

Answer 6

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 7

Eructation

Answer 7

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth.
AKA belching or burping

Question 8

Flatus

Answer 8

Gas expelled through the anus.
AKA farting

Question 9

Hematochezia

Answer 9

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum.

Question 10

Jaundice (icterus)

Answer 10

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin & whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia).

Question 11

Melena

Answer 11

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.

Question 12

Nausea

Answer 12

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit.

Question 13

Steatorrhea

Answer 13

Fat in the feces.

Question 14

Aphthous stomatitis

Answer 14

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers.

Question 15

Dental caries

Answer 15

Tooth decay

Question 16

Hermetic stomatitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the month caused by infection with the herpesvirus

Question 17

Oral leukoplakia

Answer 17

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth.

Question 18

Periodontal disease

Answer 18

Inflammation & degeneration of gums teeth, and surrounding bone.

Question 19

Achalasia

Answer 19

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax.

Question 20

Esophageal cancer

Answer 20

Malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 21

Esophageal varies

Answer 21

Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.

Question 22

Gastric cancer

Answer 22

Malignant tumor of the stomach.

Question 23

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 23

Solids & fluids return to the mouth from the stomach. Ex. heartburn.

Question 24

Hernia

Answer 24

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it.

Question 25

Peptic ulcer

Answer 25

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.

Question 26

Anal fistula

Answer 26

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.

Question 27

Colonic polyps

Answer 27

Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membranecolon of the colon.

Question 28

Colorectal cancer

Answer 28

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, a both.

Question 29

Crohn disease (Crohn’s)

Answer 29

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.

Question 30

Diverticulosis

Answer 30

Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon.

Question 31

Dysentery

Answer 31

Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection.

Question 32

Hemorrhoids

Answer 32

Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region.

Question 33

ileum

Answer 33

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.

Question 34

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer 34

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine.

Question 35

Intussusception

Answer 35

Telescoping of the intestines.

Question 36

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 36

Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intestines.

Question 37

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 37

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.

Question 38

Volvulus

Answer 38

Twisting of the intestine on itself.

Question 39

Cholelithiasis

Answer 39

Gallstones in the gallbladder.

Question 40

Cirrhosis

Answer 40

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.

Question 41

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Answer 41

Liver Cancer

Question 42

Pancreatic cancer

Answer 42

Malignant tumour of the pancreas.

Question 43

Pancreatitis

Answer 43

Inflammation of the pancreas.

Question 44

Viral hepatitis

Answer 44

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.