Chapter 5: Digestive System Flashcards
Anorexia
Lack of appetite.
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
Borborygmi
Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, on both in the gastrointestinal tract.
Constipation
Difficulty passing stools
Diarrhea
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.
Dysphasia
Difficulty in swallowing
Eructation
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth.
AKA belching or burping
Flatus
Gas expelled through the anus.
AKA farting
Hematochezia
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum.
Jaundice (icterus)
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin & whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia).
Melena
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.
Nausea
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit.
Steatorrhea
Fat in the feces.
Aphthous stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers.
Dental caries
Tooth decay
Hermetic stomatitis
Inflammation of the month caused by infection with the herpesvirus
Oral leukoplakia
White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth.
Periodontal disease
Inflammation & degeneration of gums teeth, and surrounding bone.
Achalasia
Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax.
Esophageal cancer
Malignant tumor of the esophagus
Esophageal varies
Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.
Gastric cancer
Malignant tumor of the stomach.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Solids & fluids return to the mouth from the stomach. Ex. heartburn.
Hernia
Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it.
Peptic ulcer
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
Anal fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.
Colonic polyps
Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membranecolon of the colon.
Colorectal cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, a both.
Crohn disease (Crohn’s)
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.
Diverticulosis
Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon.
Dysentery
Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection.
Hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region.
ileum
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Inflammation of the colon and small intestine.
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intestines.
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.
Volvulus
Twisting of the intestine on itself.
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones in the gallbladder.
Cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Liver Cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Malignant tumour of the pancreas.
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas.
Viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.
