Ch. 22: Psychiatry Flashcards
amnesia
loss of memory
anxiety
varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and choking sensations
apathy
absence of emotions;
lack of interest, emotional involvement, or motivation
compulsion
uncontrollable urge to bodily to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety
conversion
anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness, or paralysis, that does not have a physical basis
delusion
fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
dissociation
uncomfortable thoughts are split off from the person’s conscious awareness to avoid mental distress.
In extreme cases, dissociation can lead to multiple personalities
dysphoria
intense feelings of depression, discontent, and generalized dissatisfaction with life
euphoria
intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness, excitement, and joy
hallucination
false or unreal sensory perception as, for example hearing voices when none are present.
An illusion is misperception of an actual sensory stimulus, such as hearing voices in the sound of rustling leaves
labile
variable;
undergoing rapid emotional change
mania
elevated, expansive state with talkativeness, hyperactivity, euphoria, and racing thoughts
mutism
no, orr very little, ability to speak
obsession
involuntary, persistent idea or emotion
paranoia
overly suspicious system of thinking;
fixed delusion that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated
panic disorder
recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
phobic disorders
characterized by irrational or debilitating fears associated with a specific object or situation
agoraphobia
fear of being in open, crowded, public places where “help” may not be available
social phobia
fear of situations in which the affected person is open to public scrutiny
obsessive-compulsive disorder
involves recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts that dominate the patient’s life
post-traumatic stress disorder
the development of symptoms (intense fear, helplessness, insonnia, nightmares, and diminished responsiveness to the external world) following exposure to a traumatic event
generalized anxiety disorder
characterized by chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings
bipolar disorders
characterized by one or more manic episodes alternating with depressive episodes
cyclothymic disorder
is a mild form of bipolar disorder
depressive disorders
marked by occurance of one or more major depressive episodes without a history of mania or hypomania
dissociative disorder
a condition involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perception
identity disorder
presence of two or more distinct personality states
dissociative amnesia
inability to recall autobiographical information
depersonalization / derealization disorder
experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thought and surroundings
neurocognitive disorders
marked by disturbances in cognition (thinking, memory, perception, reasoning, and judgement).
Primary features are delirium and dementia
neurodevelopmental disorders
group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in development of socialization and communication skills
intellectual disability disorders
deficits in intellectual functions and inability to adapt and interact in activities of daily life
communication disorders
persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language (spoken and written)
reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impaired speaking
Autism spectrum disorder - ASD
marked by difficulties in verbal and nonverbal communication and social and play interactions in the first 3 years of life
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - ADHD
persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development
motor disorders
children display lack of coordination, movement disorders and tics
personality disorder
enduring pattern of thinking and behavior contrary to what is culturally acceptable
schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder
chronic psychoses marked by disturbed thinking and disorganized speech
sexual dysfunctions
disturbances in a person’s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure
paraphilias
characterized by recurrent, intense, sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve seuxal objects, activities, or situations
somatic symptoms disorders
patient’s psychic (mental) conflicts are expressed as physical symptoms
substance related and addictive disorders
characterized by symptoms and behavioral changes associated with regular use or discontinuation of substances that affect the central nervous system
psychotherapy
treatment of emotional problems and disorders using psychological techniques
cognitive behavioural therapy
relatively short-term, focused psychotherapy for a wide range of psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, anger, marital conflict, fears, and substance abuse.
based on the idea that thoughts change established ways of thinking
family therapy
treatment of an entire family can help the individual members resolve and understand their conflicts and problems
group therapy
group with a professional leader as a neutral moderator, patients with similar problems gain insight into their own personalities through discussions and interaction with each other
hypnosis
trance is created to help in recovery of deeply repressed memories
insight-oriented psychotherapy
this type uses face to face discussion of life problems and associated feelings
play therapy
form of therapy, the child uses play with toys to express conflicts and feelings that he or she is unable to communicate verbally
psychoanalysis
seeks to influence behaviour and resolve internal conflicts by allowing patients to bring their unconscious emotions to the surface
sex therapy
form of therapy can help people overcome sexual dysfunctions such as frigidity, impotence, and premature ejaculation
supportive psychotherapy
therapist offers encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events
electroconvulsive therapy
electric current is applied to the brain after the patient is anesthetized, with assisted ventilation, and given a very short-acting muscle paralytic agent
drug therapy
drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders
