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Medical Terminology - Tests & Procedures > Ch. 22: Psychiatry > Flashcards

Ch. 22: Psychiatry Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

amnesia

A

loss of memory

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2
Q

anxiety

A

varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and choking sensations

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3
Q

apathy

A

absence of emotions;

lack of interest, emotional involvement, or motivation

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4
Q

compulsion

A

uncontrollable urge to bodily to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety

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5
Q

conversion

A

anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness, or paralysis, that does not have a physical basis

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6
Q

delusion

A

fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence

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7
Q

dissociation

A

uncomfortable thoughts are split off from the person’s conscious awareness to avoid mental distress.

In extreme cases, dissociation can lead to multiple personalities

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8
Q

dysphoria

A

intense feelings of depression, discontent, and generalized dissatisfaction with life

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9
Q

euphoria

A

intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness, excitement, and joy

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10
Q

hallucination

A

false or unreal sensory perception as, for example hearing voices when none are present.
An illusion is misperception of an actual sensory stimulus, such as hearing voices in the sound of rustling leaves

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11
Q

labile

A

variable;

undergoing rapid emotional change

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12
Q

mania

A

elevated, expansive state with talkativeness, hyperactivity, euphoria, and racing thoughts

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13
Q

mutism

A

no, orr very little, ability to speak

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14
Q

obsession

A

involuntary, persistent idea or emotion

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15
Q

paranoia

A

overly suspicious system of thinking;

fixed delusion that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated

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16
Q

panic disorder

A

recurrent, unexpected panic attacks

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17
Q

phobic disorders

A

characterized by irrational or debilitating fears associated with a specific object or situation

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18
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of being in open, crowded, public places where “help” may not be available

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19
Q

social phobia

A

fear of situations in which the affected person is open to public scrutiny

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20
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

involves recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts that dominate the patient’s life

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21
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A

the development of symptoms (intense fear, helplessness, insonnia, nightmares, and diminished responsiveness to the external world) following exposure to a traumatic event

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22
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

characterized by chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings

23
Q

bipolar disorders

A

characterized by one or more manic episodes alternating with depressive episodes

24
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

is a mild form of bipolar disorder

25
Q

depressive disorders

A

marked by occurance of one or more major depressive episodes without a history of mania or hypomania

26
Q

dissociative disorder

A

a condition involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perception

27
Q

identity disorder

A

presence of two or more distinct personality states

28
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

inability to recall autobiographical information

29
Q

depersonalization / derealization disorder

A

experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thought and surroundings

30
Q

neurocognitive disorders

A

marked by disturbances in cognition (thinking, memory, perception, reasoning, and judgement).
Primary features are delirium and dementia

31
Q

neurodevelopmental disorders

A

group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in development of socialization and communication skills

32
Q

intellectual disability disorders

A

deficits in intellectual functions and inability to adapt and interact in activities of daily life

33
Q

communication disorders

A

persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language (spoken and written)

reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impaired speaking

34
Q

Autism spectrum disorder - ASD

A

marked by difficulties in verbal and nonverbal communication and social and play interactions in the first 3 years of life

35
Q

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - ADHD

A

persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development

36
Q

motor disorders

A

children display lack of coordination, movement disorders and tics

37
Q

personality disorder

A

enduring pattern of thinking and behavior contrary to what is culturally acceptable

38
Q

schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder

A

chronic psychoses marked by disturbed thinking and disorganized speech

39
Q

sexual dysfunctions

A

disturbances in a person’s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure

40
Q

paraphilias

A

characterized by recurrent, intense, sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve seuxal objects, activities, or situations

41
Q

somatic symptoms disorders

A

patient’s psychic (mental) conflicts are expressed as physical symptoms

42
Q

substance related and addictive disorders

A

characterized by symptoms and behavioral changes associated with regular use or discontinuation of substances that affect the central nervous system

43
Q

psychotherapy

A

treatment of emotional problems and disorders using psychological techniques

44
Q

cognitive behavioural therapy

A

relatively short-term, focused psychotherapy for a wide range of psychological problems, including depression, anxiety, anger, marital conflict, fears, and substance abuse.

based on the idea that thoughts change established ways of thinking

45
Q

family therapy

A

treatment of an entire family can help the individual members resolve and understand their conflicts and problems

46
Q

group therapy

A

group with a professional leader as a neutral moderator, patients with similar problems gain insight into their own personalities through discussions and interaction with each other

47
Q

hypnosis

A

trance is created to help in recovery of deeply repressed memories

48
Q

insight-oriented psychotherapy

A

this type uses face to face discussion of life problems and associated feelings

49
Q

play therapy

A

form of therapy, the child uses play with toys to express conflicts and feelings that he or she is unable to communicate verbally

50
Q

psychoanalysis

A

seeks to influence behaviour and resolve internal conflicts by allowing patients to bring their unconscious emotions to the surface

51
Q

sex therapy

A

form of therapy can help people overcome sexual dysfunctions such as frigidity, impotence, and premature ejaculation

52
Q

supportive psychotherapy

A

therapist offers encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events

53
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

electric current is applied to the brain after the patient is anesthetized, with assisted ventilation, and given a very short-acting muscle paralytic agent

54
Q

drug therapy

A

drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders

Medical Terminology - Tests & Procedures (18 decks)

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