Ch. 7: Urinary System

Question 1

interstitial nephritis

Answer 1

inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

Question 2

nephrolithiasis

Answer 2

kidney stones (renal calculi)

Question 3

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

Answer 3

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

Question 4

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Answer 4

multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

Question 5

pyelonephritis

Answer 5

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

Question 6

renal cell carcinoma

Answer 6

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

Question 7

renal failure

Answer 7

decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration function

Question 8

renal hypertension

Answer 8

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Question 9

Wilms ttumor

Answer 9

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

Question 10

bladder cancer

Answer 10

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

Question 11

diabetes insipidus (DI)

Answer 11

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

Question 12

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 12

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects.

Question 13

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

Answer 13

measurement of urea levels in the blood

Question 14

creatine clearance

Answer 14

measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

Question 15

CT urography

Answer 15

X-ray images obtained using computed tomography (CT) show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney

Question 16

KUB (Kidneys, ureters, and bladder)

Answer 16

X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters and bladder.

Question 17

renal angiography

Answer 17

x-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney

Question 18

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Answer 18

x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

Question 19

voiding cystourethrogam (VCUG)

Answer 19

x-ray image (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

Question 20

ultrasonography

Answer 20

imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves

Question 21

radioisotope scan

Answer 21

image of the kidney obtained after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotope) into the bloodstream

Question 22

MRI urography

Answer 22

changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body

Question 23

cystoscopy

Answer 23

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscopy).

Question 24

dialysis

Answer 24

process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

Question 25

lithotripsy

Answer 25

urinary tract stones are crushed

Question 26

renal angioplasty

Answer 26

dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

Question 27

renal biopsy

Answer 27

removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

Question 28

renal transplantation

Answer 28

surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

Question 29

urinary catheterization

Answer 29

passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder.