Ch. 10: Nervous System

Question 1

hydrocephalus

Answer 1

abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain

Question 2

spina bifida

Answer 2

congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts

Question 3

Alzheimer disease (AD)

Answer 3

brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

Question 4

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 4

degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

Question 5

epilepsy

Answer 5

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

Question 6

Huntington disease

Answer 6

hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

Question 7

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 7

destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

Question 8

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Answer 8

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

Question 9

palsy

Answer 9

paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)

Question 10

Parkinson disease

Answer 10

degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occuring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

Question 11

Tourette syndrome

Answer 11

involuntary spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words.

Question 12

herpes zoster (shingles)

Answer 12

viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

Question 13

meningitis

Answer 13

inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis

Question 14

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy

Answer 14

brain disease and dementia occuring with AIDS.

Question 15

brain tumor

Answer 15

abnomal growth of brain tissue and meninges

Question 16

cerebral concussion

Answer 16

type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head

Question 17

cerebral contusion

Answer 17

bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head

Question 18

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 18

disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

Question 19

migraine

Answer 19

sever, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

Question 20

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Answer 20

samples of CSF are examined

Question 21

cerebral angiography

Answer 21

x-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material

Question 22

computed tomography (CT) of the brain

Answer 22

computerized x-ray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord

Question 23

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 23

magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 24

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Answer 24

radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells

Question 25

Doppler ultrasound studies

Answer 25

sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries

Question 26

electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 26

recording of the electrical activity of the brain

Question 27

lumbar puncture (LP)

Answer 27

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis