Ch. 17: Sense Organs: The Eye and the Ear

Question 1

astigmatism

Answer 1

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

Question 2

hyperopia

Answer 2

farsightedness

Question 3

myopia

Answer 3

nearsightedness

Question 4

presbyopia

Answer 4

impairment of vision as a result of old age

Question 5

cataract

Answer 5

clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

Question 6

chalazion

Answer 6

small, hard cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid

granuloma formed around an inflamed sebaceous gland

Question 7

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 7

disease of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus

Question 8

glaucoma

Answer 8

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

Question 9

dacryocystitis

Answer 9

blockage, inflammation, and infection of the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and lower lid.

Question 10

ectropion

Answer 10

outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration

Question 11

entropion

Answer 11

inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to. rub against the eye; corneal abrasion may result

Question 12

hordeolum

Answer 12

small, superficial white nodule along lid margin due to infection of a sebaceous gland

Question 13

xanthelasma

Answer 13

raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder

Question 14

hordeolum (stye or sty)

Answer 14

localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous oil-producing gland in the eyelid

Question 15

macular degeneration

Answer 15

progressive damage to the macula of the retina

Question 16

nystagmus

Answer 16

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

Question 17

retinal detachment

Answer 17

two layers of the retina separate from each other

Question 18

strabismus

Answer 18

abnormal deviation of the eye

Question 19

fluorescein angiography

Answer 19

intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils

Question 20

ophthalmoscopy

Answer 20

visual examination of the interior of the eye

Question 21

optical coherence tomography (OCT)

Answer 21

non-invasive imaging technique using light waves to take cross-sectional pictures of the retina

Question 22

slit lamp microscopy

Answer 22

examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

Question 23

visual acuity test

Answer 23

clarity of vision is assessed

Question 24

visual field test

Answer 24

measurement of the entire scope of vision (peripheral and central)

Question 25

enucleation

Answer 25

removal of the entire eyeball

Question 26

keratoplasty

Answer 26

surgical repair of the cornea

Question 27

laser photocoagulation

Answer 27

intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels

Question 28

LASIK

Answer 28

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)

Question 29

phacoemulsification

Answer 29

cataract removal. surgery in which ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens;
the pieces are then aspirated through the ultrasonic probe

Question 30

scleral buckle

Answer 30

suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina

Question 31

vitrectomy

Answer 31

removal of the vitreous humor

Question 32

acoustic neuroma

Answer 32

benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain

Question 33

cholesteatoma

Answer 33

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear

Question 34

deafness

Answer 34

loss of ability to hear

Question 35

Meniere disease

Answer 35

disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear;
elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea and semicircular canals

Question 36

otitis media

Answer 36

inflammation of the middle ear

Question 37

otosclerosis

Answer 37

hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

Question 38

tinnitus

Answer 38

sensation of noises in the ears without an external source

Question 39

vertigo

Answer 39

sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects

Question 40

audiometry

Answer 40

testing the sense of hearing

Question 41

cochlear implant procedure

Answer 41

surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech

Question 42

ear thermometry

Answer 42

measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum

Question 43

otoscopy

Answer 43

visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope

Question 44

tuning fork test

Answer 44

test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork)