Ch. 17: Sense Organs: The Eye and the Ear Flashcards
astigmatism
defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
hyperopia
farsightedness
myopia
nearsightedness
presbyopia
impairment of vision as a result of old age
cataract
clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
chalazion
small, hard cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid
granuloma formed around an inflamed sebaceous gland
diabetic retinopathy
disease of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision
dacryocystitis
blockage, inflammation, and infection of the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and lower lid.
ectropion
outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration
entropion
inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to. rub against the eye; corneal abrasion may result
hordeolum
small, superficial white nodule along lid margin due to infection of a sebaceous gland
xanthelasma
raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder
hordeolum (stye or sty)
localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous oil-producing gland in the eyelid
macular degeneration
progressive damage to the macula of the retina
nystagmus
repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
retinal detachment
two layers of the retina separate from each other
strabismus
abnormal deviation of the eye
fluorescein angiography
intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils
ophthalmoscopy
visual examination of the interior of the eye
optical coherence tomography (OCT)
non-invasive imaging technique using light waves to take cross-sectional pictures of the retina
slit lamp microscopy
examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification
visual acuity test
clarity of vision is assessed
visual field test
measurement of the entire scope of vision (peripheral and central)
enucleation
removal of the entire eyeball
keratoplasty
surgical repair of the cornea
laser photocoagulation
intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels
LASIK
use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)
phacoemulsification
cataract removal. surgery in which ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens;
the pieces are then aspirated through the ultrasonic probe
scleral buckle
suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina
vitrectomy
removal of the vitreous humor
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain
cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear
deafness
loss of ability to hear
Meniere disease
disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear;
elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea and semicircular canals
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
otosclerosis
hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear
tinnitus
sensation of noises in the ears without an external source
vertigo
sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
audiometry
testing the sense of hearing
cochlear implant procedure
surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech
ear thermometry
measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum
otoscopy
visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope
tuning fork test
test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork)
