Ch. 12: Respiratory System Flashcards
auscultation
listening to sounds within the body
Performed with a stethoscope
percussion
tapping on the surface to determine the difference in thee density of the underlying structure.
pleural rub
scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
Heard on auscultation and can be felt by placing fingers on the chest wall.
rales (crackles)
fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli
rhonchi/rhonchus
loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
resembles snoring
sputum
material expelled from bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting
stridor
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
wheezes
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing
croup
acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor
diphtheria
acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium
epistaxis
nosebleed
pertussis
whooping cough;
highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea
asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edem and contriction
bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection
chronic bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time;
type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
cystic fibrosis (CF)
inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally
atelectasis
collapsed lung;
incomplete expansion of the alveoli
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
lung cancer
malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi
pneumoconiosis
abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts;
with chronic inflammation, infection and bronchitis
pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fills with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction
pulmonary abscess
large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs
pulmonary edema
fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
pulmonary embolism (PE)
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
pulmonary fibrosis
formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
sarcoidosis
chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
tuberculosis (TB)
infection disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis;
lungs are usually involved but any organ in the body may be affected
mesothelioma
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
pleura effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
pleurisy (pleuritis)
inflammation of pleura
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural space
chest x-ray (CXR)
radiographic image of the thoracic cavity
computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest
computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes.
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest
magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral(sagittal), and cross-sectional (axial) planes.
positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung
radioactive glucose injected, and images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs
ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas
bronchoscopy
fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes
endotracheal intubation
placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the voice box
lung biospy
removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination
mediastinoscopy
endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs;
lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently
thoracentesis
needle is inserted into pleural space to remove excess fluid
thoracotomy
large surgical incision of the chest
thoracoscopy (thorascopy)
visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope
tracheostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
tuberculin test
determines past or present tuberculous exposure based on a positive skin reaction
tube thoracostomy
flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest
