Ch. 15: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Ewing sarcoma
rare malignant tumor arising in the bone;
most often occuring in children
exostosis
bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone
fracture
traumatic breaking of a bone
osteogenic sarcoma
(osteosarcoma)
malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents
osteomalacia
softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of minerals (calcium) in the bone
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density (mass);
thinning and weakening of bone
talipes
congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)
arthritis
inflammation of any joint
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progessive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine
gouty arthritis (gout)
inflammation and painful swelling in and around joints caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals
osteoarthritis (OA)
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain;
caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane.
bunion
enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, and bones and tendons of the wrist.
dislocation
displacement of a bone from its joint
ganglion cyst
fluid filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons
herniation of an intervertebral disc
abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disc into the spinal canal orr spinal nerves
Lyme disease
(Lyme arthritis)
chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise;
cause is a bacterium carried by a tick
sprain
injury, often the result of trauma, involving overstretchinig of the ligaments around a joint
systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system (CNS). heart, and lungs
muscular dystrophy
group of inherited disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system
polymyositis
chronic inflammatory myopathy
antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematsus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube
rheumatoid factor test (RF)
serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis
serum calcium (Ca)
measurement of calcium level in serum
serum creatine kinase (CK)
measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum
uric acid test
measurement of uric acid in serum
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space
arthrography
taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint
arthroplasty
surgical repair or replacement of a joint
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor
bone density test (bone densitometry)
low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass
bone scan
uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone
computed tomography (CT)
x-ray beam and computer show cross-sectional and other images of the body tissues
discography
x-ray examination of cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disc)
electromyography (EMG)
recording the electrical activity of muscle tissue
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high-resolution images of soft tissues inside the body
muscle biopsy
removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination to assess for abnormalities or disease
