Ch. 21: Pharmacology

Question 1

analgesics

Answer 1

a drug to lessen pain

Question 2

anesthetics

Answer 2

an agent that reduces or eliminates sensation

Question 3

antimicrobials

Answer 3

kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoans (one-celled organisms)

examples are antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and antiprotozoals

Question 4

antibiotic drugs

Answer 4

interfere with the growth and reproduction or bacteria

Question 5

antifungals

Answer 5

treat fungal infections

commonly occur in the skin (ringworm) vagina (candidiasis), mouth, bloodstream or lungs

Question 6

antivirals

Answer 6

used against infections due to viruses, such as the flu virus, herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B and C viruses

Question 7

antiprotozoals

Answer 7

act against infections caused by protozoans that becomes parasites (inhabit other organism and take their nutrients) in humans

examples are malaria, gastrointestinal infections, ringworm, and lice

Question 8

anticoagulants

Answer 8

prevents formation of clots or break up clots in the blood vessels

such has thrombosis and embolism

Question 9

antiplatelet drugs

Answer 9

reduce the tendency of platelets to stick together

Question 10

anticonvulsants

Answer 10

prevents or reduces the frequency of convulsions in various types of seizure disorders or epilepsy

Question 11

antidepressants

Answer 11

treat symptoms of depression.

Elevate mood, increase physical activity and mental alertness, and improve appetite and sleep patterns.

Question 12

anti-Alzheimer drugs

Answer 12

act by aiding brain neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) or shielding brain cells from glutamate, a neurotransmitter that at high levels contribute to death of brain cells

Question 13

antidiabetics

Answer 13

used to treat diabetes mellitus (condition in which either the hormone insulin is not produced, or the body’s tissues have developed insensitivity to insulin)

Question 14

antihistamines

Answer 14

block the action of histamine which normally is release in the body in allergic reactions

Question 15

antiosteoporosis drugs

Answer 15

drugs used to treat loss of bone density

Question 16

cardiovascular drugs

Answer 16

drugs act on the heart or the blood vessels to treat hypertension, angina, (pain due to increased oxygen delivery to heart muscle), myocardial infarction (heart attack), congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias

Question 17

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Answer 17

dilate blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improve the performance of the heart, and reduce it’s workload

Question 18

angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Answer 18

lower blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from action on receptors in blood vessels

Question 19

antiarrhythmics

Answer 19

treat abnormal heart rhythms
slow the response of heart muscle to nerve stimulation or slow the rate at which impulses are carried throughout the heart

Question 20

beta blockers

Answer 20

slow heart rate, decrease output of the heart, and reduce blood pressure by blocking the action of epinephrine at receptor sites in the heart muscle and in blood vessels

Question 21

calcium channel blocker

Answer 21

dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure and are used to treat arrhythmias

Question 22

cardiac glycosides

Answer 22

drugs increase the force of contraction of the heard and are used to treat heart failure atrial fibrillation

made from digitalis (foxglove plant)

Question 23

cholesterol-binding drugs

Answer 23

bind to dietary cholesterol and prevent its uptake from the gastrointestinal tract

Question 24

cholesterol-lowering drugs

Answer 24

statins block the formation of cholesterol in the liver and treat hypercholesterolemia (high levels of cholesterol in the blood)

Question 25

diuretics

Answer 25

reduce the volume of blood in the body by promoting the kidney to remove water and salt through urine (diuresis)

Treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure