Ch. 21: Pharmacology Flashcards
analgesics
a drug to lessen pain
anesthetics
an agent that reduces or eliminates sensation
antimicrobials
kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoans (one-celled organisms)
examples are antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and antiprotozoals
antibiotic drugs
interfere with the growth and reproduction or bacteria
antifungals
treat fungal infections
commonly occur in the skin (ringworm) vagina (candidiasis), mouth, bloodstream or lungs
antivirals
used against infections due to viruses, such as the flu virus, herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B and C viruses
antiprotozoals
act against infections caused by protozoans that becomes parasites (inhabit other organism and take their nutrients) in humans
examples are malaria, gastrointestinal infections, ringworm, and lice
anticoagulants
prevents formation of clots or break up clots in the blood vessels
such has thrombosis and embolism
antiplatelet drugs
reduce the tendency of platelets to stick together
anticonvulsants
prevents or reduces the frequency of convulsions in various types of seizure disorders or epilepsy
antidepressants
treat symptoms of depression.
Elevate mood, increase physical activity and mental alertness, and improve appetite and sleep patterns.
anti-Alzheimer drugs
act by aiding brain neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) or shielding brain cells from glutamate, a neurotransmitter that at high levels contribute to death of brain cells
antidiabetics
used to treat diabetes mellitus (condition in which either the hormone insulin is not produced, or the body’s tissues have developed insensitivity to insulin)
antihistamines
block the action of histamine which normally is release in the body in allergic reactions
antiosteoporosis drugs
drugs used to treat loss of bone density
cardiovascular drugs
drugs act on the heart or the blood vessels to treat hypertension, angina, (pain due to increased oxygen delivery to heart muscle), myocardial infarction (heart attack), congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
dilate blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improve the performance of the heart, and reduce it’s workload
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
lower blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from action on receptors in blood vessels
antiarrhythmics
treat abnormal heart rhythms
slow the response of heart muscle to nerve stimulation or slow the rate at which impulses are carried throughout the heart
beta blockers
slow heart rate, decrease output of the heart, and reduce blood pressure by blocking the action of epinephrine at receptor sites in the heart muscle and in blood vessels
calcium channel blocker
dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure and are used to treat arrhythmias
cardiac glycosides
drugs increase the force of contraction of the heard and are used to treat heart failure atrial fibrillation
made from digitalis (foxglove plant)
cholesterol-binding drugs
bind to dietary cholesterol and prevent its uptake from the gastrointestinal tract
cholesterol-lowering drugs
statins block the formation of cholesterol in the liver and treat hypercholesterolemia (high levels of cholesterol in the blood)
diuretics
reduce the volume of blood in the body by promoting the kidney to remove water and salt through urine (diuresis)
Treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure
