Ch. 18: Endocrine System Flashcards
hyperthyroidism
overactivity of the thyroid gland;
thyrotoxicosis
hypothyroidism
underactivity of the thyroid gland
thyroid carcinoma
cancer of the thyroid gland
hyperparathyroidism
excessive production of parathormone
hypoparathyroidism
deficient production of parathyroid hormone
adrenal virilism
excessive secretion of adrenal androgens
cushing syndrome
group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex
Addison disease
hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex
pheochromocytoma
benign tumor of the adrenal medulla
hyperinsulinism
excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia
diabetes mellitus (DM)
lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells.
acromegaly
hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissue.
gigantism
hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues.
dwarfism
congenital hyposecretion of growth hormones;
hypopituitary dwarfism
panhypopituitarism
deficiency of all pituitary hormones
syndrome of inappropriate ADH
(SIADH)
excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone
diabetes insipidus (DI)
insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
also known as fasting blood sugar test
serum function test
measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream.
exophthalmometry
measurement of eyeball protrusion (as in Graves disease) with an exophthalmometer
computed tomography (CT)
X-Ray imaging of endocrine glands in cross-section and other views, to assess size and infiltration by tumor
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
magnetic waves produce images of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to locate abnormalities
thyroid scan
scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland
ultrasound examination
sound waves show images of endocrine organs
