Ch. 13: Blood System Flashcards
anemia
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
hemolytic anemia
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
sickle cell anemia
hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis
thalassemia
inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia
pernicious anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout the body
polycythemia vera
general increase in red blood cells (erythremia)
hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII or IX necessary for blood clotting
purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
leukemia
increase in malignant white blood cells
granulocytosis
abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood
mononucleosis
infectious, viral disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
antiglobulin (Coombs test)
test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes
complete blood count (CBC)
determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and erd cell values - MCH, MCV, MCHC
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
hematocrit
percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)
total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood
platelet count
number of platelets per cubic millimeter (mm³) or microliter (μL) of blood
prothrombin time (PT)
test of the ability of blood to clot
red blood cell count (RBC)
number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (mm³) or microliter (μL) of blood
red blood cell morphology
microscopic examination of stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells
white blood cell count (WBC)
number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter (mm³) or microliter (μL) of blood
white blood cell differential [count]
percentage of different types of leukocytes in the blood
apheresis
separation of blood into component parts and removal of the select portion from the blood
blood transfusion
whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient
bone marrow biopsy
microscopic examination of a corer of bone marrow removed with a needle
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered to a recipient
