Ch. 19: Cancer Medicine (Oncology) Flashcards
cystic
forming large open spaces filled with fluid
fungating
mushrooming pattern of gowoth in which tumor cells pile one on top of the other and project from a tissue surface
inflammatory
having the features of inflammation - that is, redness, swelling, and heat
medullary
large, soft, fleshy tumors
necrotic
containing dead tissue
polypoid
growths that form projections extending outward from a base
ulcerating
characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue
verrucous
resembling a wart-liek growth
alveolar
tumor cell from patterns resembling small sacs
carcinoma in situ
referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures
diffuse
spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue
dysplastic
containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous
epidermoid
resembling squamous epithelial cells (thin, plate-like)
follicular
forming small glandular sacs
papillary
forming small, finger-like or nipple-like projections of cells
pleomorphic
composed of a variety types of cells
scirrhous
densely packed tumors, due to dense bands of fibrous tissue
undifferentiated
lacking any microscopic structures typical of normal mature cell
cauterization
destruction of tissue by burning
core needle biopsy
placement of large-bore needle that extracts a core of tissue
cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue
en bloc resection
tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing nodes
excisional biopsy
removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue
procedure for small noninvasive tumors
exenteration
wide resection involving removal of the tumor, its organ of origin and all surrounding tissue in the body space
fine needle aspiration
placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic evaluation
fulguration
destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current
incisional biopsy
piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis
brachytherapy
implantation of small, sealed containers of seeds or radioactive material directly into the tumor (interstitial therapy);
or in a cavity of a tumor (intracavitary therapy, as in endometrial cancer)
Implantation may be temporary or permanent
electron beams
low-energy beams for treatment of skin or surface tumors
external beam irradiation
radiation therapy applied to a tumor from a distant source (linear accelerator)
fractionation
a method of dividing radiation into small, repeated doses rather than fewer large doses.
Allows larger total doses to b e given while causing less damage
gray (Gy)
unit of absorbed radiation dose.
linear accelerator
Large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray (or photon) beams for the treatment of deep-seated tumors
photon therapy
radiation therapy using x-rays or gamma rays
linear accelerator produces photon beams to treat tumors
proton therapy
small subatomic positively charged particles (protons) produced by a cyclotron deposit all the energy at a focused finite point
radiation fields
dimensions of the size of radiation area used to treat a tumor from a specific angle
radiocurable tumor
tumor that can be completely eradicated by radiation therapy
Usually this is a localized tumor with no evidence of metastasis.
radioresistant tumor
tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death of the cells
radiosensitive tumor
tumor which radiation can cause the death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue (morbidity)
radiosensitizers
drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays
simulation
an imaging study performed before radiation therapy using CT scan and/or MRI to map the arrera to receive treatment
stereotactic radiosurgery
single large dose of radiation is delivered under precise three-dimensional (3D) guidance (stereotactic) from multiple angles to destroy vascular abnormalities and small brain tumors
