Ch. 19: Cancer Medicine (Oncology)

Question 1

cystic

Answer 1

forming large open spaces filled with fluid

Question 2

fungating

Answer 2

mushrooming pattern of gowoth in which tumor cells pile one on top of the other and project from a tissue surface

Question 3

inflammatory

Answer 3

having the features of inflammation - that is, redness, swelling, and heat

Question 4

medullary

Answer 4

large, soft, fleshy tumors

Question 5

necrotic

Answer 5

containing dead tissue

Question 6

polypoid

Answer 6

growths that form projections extending outward from a base

Question 7

ulcerating

Answer 7

characterized by an open, exposed surface resulting from the death of overlying tissue

Question 8

verrucous

Answer 8

resembling a wart-liek growth

Question 9

alveolar

Answer 9

tumor cell from patterns resembling small sacs

Question 10

carcinoma in situ

Answer 10

referring to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures

Question 11

diffuse

Answer 11

spreading evenly throughout the affected tissue

Question 12

dysplastic

Answer 12

containing abnormal-appearing cells that are not clearly cancerous

Question 13

epidermoid

Answer 13

resembling squamous epithelial cells (thin, plate-like)

Question 14

follicular

Answer 14

forming small glandular sacs

Question 15

papillary

Answer 15

forming small, finger-like or nipple-like projections of cells

Question 16

pleomorphic

Answer 16

composed of a variety types of cells

Question 17

scirrhous

Answer 17

densely packed tumors, due to dense bands of fibrous tissue

Question 18

undifferentiated

Answer 18

lacking any microscopic structures typical of normal mature cell

Question 19

cauterization

Answer 19

destruction of tissue by burning

Question 20

core needle biopsy

Answer 20

placement of large-bore needle that extracts a core of tissue

Question 21

cryosurgery

Answer 21

use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue

Question 22

en bloc resection

Answer 22

tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing nodes

Question 23

excisional biopsy

Answer 23

removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue

procedure for small noninvasive tumors

Question 24

exenteration

Answer 24

wide resection involving removal of the tumor, its organ of origin and all surrounding tissue in the body space

Question 25

fine needle aspiration

Answer 25

placement of a very thin needle inside the tumor mass and extracting cells for microscopic evaluation

Question 26

fulguration

Answer 26

destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current

Question 27

incisional biopsy

Answer 27

piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis

Question 28

brachytherapy

Answer 28

implantation of small, sealed containers of seeds or radioactive material directly into the tumor (interstitial therapy);
or in a cavity of a tumor (intracavitary therapy, as in endometrial cancer)

Implantation may be temporary or permanent

Question 29

electron beams

Answer 29

low-energy beams for treatment of skin or surface tumors

Question 30

external beam irradiation

Answer 30

radiation therapy applied to a tumor from a distant source (linear accelerator)

Question 31

fractionation

Answer 31

a method of dividing radiation into small, repeated doses rather than fewer large doses.

Allows larger total doses to b e given while causing less damage

Question 32

gray (Gy)

Answer 32

unit of absorbed radiation dose.

Question 33

linear accelerator

Answer 33

Large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray (or photon) beams for the treatment of deep-seated tumors

Question 34

photon therapy

Answer 34

radiation therapy using x-rays or gamma rays

linear accelerator produces photon beams to treat tumors

Question 35

proton therapy

Answer 35

small subatomic positively charged particles (protons) produced by a cyclotron deposit all the energy at a focused finite point

Question 36

radiation fields

Answer 36

dimensions of the size of radiation area used to treat a tumor from a specific angle

Question 37

radiocurable tumor

Answer 37

tumor that can be completely eradicated by radiation therapy
Usually this is a localized tumor with no evidence of metastasis.

Question 38

radioresistant tumor

Answer 38

tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death of the cells

Question 39

radiosensitive tumor

Answer 39

tumor which radiation can cause the death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue (morbidity)

Question 40

radiosensitizers

Answer 40

drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays

Question 41

simulation

Answer 41

an imaging study performed before radiation therapy using CT scan and/or MRI to map the arrera to receive treatment

Question 42

stereotactic radiosurgery

Answer 42

single large dose of radiation is delivered under precise three-dimensional (3D) guidance (stereotactic) from multiple angles to destroy vascular abnormalities and small brain tumors