Chapter 5 Flashcards
Human Movement Science
Biomechanics
science concerned with internal and external forces acting on body
Superior
above point of reference
Inferior
below point of reference
Proximal
position nearest center of body
distal
postion farthest away from center of body
anterior
front of body
posterior
back of body
medial
near middle of obdy
lateral
near outside of body
contralateral
opposite side of body
ipsalateral
same side of body
anatomic position
base of all anatomic terminology (body erect, arms at sides, palms facing forward)
sagittal plane
bisector divids body into left and right halfs (move forward and back, flexion and extention)
flexion
bending movement where angle decreases
extention
straightening movement where angle increases
frontal plane
bisector divides body into front and back halves (move laterally, abduction and adduction)
abduction
movement in frontal plane away from body
adduction
movement in frontal plane toward body
Transverse plane
bisector dividing body into top and bottom halves (move with rotation or horizontal abduction/adduction)
Scapular retraction
adduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move toward midline
Scapular protraction
abduction of scapulae; shoulders blades move away from midline
Eccentric muscle action
when a muscle develops tension while lengthening; resistive force is greater than muscular force
Concentric muscle action
when muscle is exerting force greater than resistive force, shortening of the muscle
Isometric muscle action
When muscle is exerting force equal to force being placed on it; no visible change in muscle length
Isokinetic muscle action
when a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion
Length-tension relationship
resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length
force-couple
muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint
motor behavior
motor response to internal and external stimuli
motor control
how CNS integrates sensory info to produce motor response
motor learning
integration of motor control processes thorugh practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in capacity of movements
motor development
change in motor skill behavior over time
muscle synergies
groups of muscle recruited by CNS to produce movement
