Chapter 2

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

communication network within the body

Question 2

Sensory function

Answer 2

ability of nervous system to sense changes in internal or external environment

Question 3

Integrative function

Answer 3

ability of nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information and produce response

Question 4

motor function

Answer 4

neuromuscular response to sensory information after interpretation

Question 5

proprioception

Answer 5

cumulative sensory input to CNS from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and movement

Question 6

neuron

Answer 6

functional unit of nervous system

Question 7

sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 7

transmit nerve impulses from effector sites via receptors to brain and spinal cord

Question 8

interneurons

Answer 8

neurons taht transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

Question 9

motor (efferent) neurons

Answer 9

neurons taht transmit nerve impulses from brain and spinal cord to effect sites (motor = movement)

Question 10

CNS

Answer 10

portion of nervous system that consists of brain and spinal cord

Question 11

PNS

Answer 11

cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body

Question 12

mechanoreceptors

Answer 12

sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in tissues

Question 13

muscle spindles

Answer 13

mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in length of muscle

Question 14

golgi tendon organs (GTOs)

Answer 14

mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in tension of muscle

Question 15

joint receptors

Answer 15

mechanoreceptors surrounding a joint that response to pressure, acceleration, deceleration of joint

Question 16

skeletal system

Answer 16

body’s framework; composed of bones and joints

Question 17

joints

Answer 17

junctions of bones and connective tissues; where muscle can cause movement to occur

Question 18

axial skeleton

Answer 18

portion of skeleton consisting of skull, rib cage, vertebral column

Question 19

appendicular skeleton

Answer 19

portion of skeletal system including upper and lower extremeties

Question 20

depressions

Answer 20

flattened or indented portions of bone which can be muscle attachment sites

Question 21

processes

Answer 21

projections protruding from bones where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

Question 22

arthrokinematics

Answer 22

joint motion

Question 23

synovial joints

Answer 23

joints held together by joint capsule and ligaments- produce synovial fluid to lubrication, associated with movement.

Question 24

non-synovial joints

Answer 24

joints that do not have a joint cavity, capsule, connective tissue, cartilage (doesn’t move)

Question 25

ligaments

Answer 25

fibrous tissue that connects bones together and provides stability

Question 26

epimysium

Answer 26

layer of connective tissue underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle

Question 27

perimysium

Answer 27

connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

Question 28

endomysium

Answer 28

deepest layer of connective tissue taht surrounds individual muscle fibers

Question 29

tendons

Answer 29

connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

Question 30

sarcomere

Answer 30

functional unit of muscle (produces muscle contraction, made of sections of actin, thin, and myosin, thick, filaments)

Question 31

neurotransmitters

Answer 31

chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from nerve to the muscle