Chapter 5 Flashcards
Like the Indus, what was the Yellow River?
IT is boisterous and unpreduicatable. It rises very high in the plateau of Tibet and courses for 4700 km.
What is inthe Yello wRIver?
Losses soil tha tit picks up along its route. It is a very fine powerderlike soil that was deposited on teh plains of northern China as well as servea other places
What was one Neolitihic settleme?
Yang shoi society which floursihed fomr 5000-3000 BCE. IT is known for the village Banpo
As human populaiton increased, setltements ik that at Banpo
Croped upthrohgout much of chinal around Rivers.
What were the three ancient dynasties?
The Xia, Shang and the Zhou that arose before the qin and Han dyasties. They were hereditary states
Xia Dynasty
Discovery in the early stages . IT was not the only state in China, t was very vigorous
Who was teh sage king?
It was Yu, witht eorganizaition of effective flood control projects, thus as in Mesopotamia and egypt, the ened ot roganize large scale piblicowrks projects helped to establish recognize authorities
How was the Zia able to control?
The leaders of individual villages
According to legend, who was the Las Xia king?
He was very oppressive and losthis realm to the foundre of the Shang Dynasty. It just gradually gave way to teh Shange Dynasty
What explains the rise ofthe shang?
- Tecnhollgy
- Bronze metallurgy went to CHina, along with horses and chariots.
- Shang elites monopolized the production of Bronze, and provided weapons to the families
- Nobles also had ittings for the horse drawn 0had devestating effecs on ther armies
Where did shang rulers extend their rule?
IT ehnan, they claiemd a lot of agricultre.
Did Shang rulers havea centralized state?
No, they had authority that rested on a vast network of walled towns whose rlocal rulers recognized the auhority of the Snhang kings. Apart form local rulersof those owns, otehers who shared the agricultral surplus of China
Who else tired to helpt the Shang RUlers?
Advisors, ministers, craftsmn and metlasmiths who helped the shang uers shape policy
What did Shang Society revolvearound?
Resveral citys. The capital moved six times - they became places of the arts
Ao
A big wall that consised of pounded etch.
Yin
Had royal palaces archives with written documents and seveal residential places. There wre lage toombs
Fu Hao
one of 64 wives ofthe Shang king WU Ding. She had a lot f things hin her grave
Who were teh Zhou
They ere tough sineyw poeple wao battled Shang forces in teh east and nomadic raiders from the steppes inteh west
Shang and Zhou ambitions collided, how
the las Shng king was a crimila fool who gave himself over
What is teh Mandate of Heavan?
Hevely powers grant the right to govern, when you start doing it badly, it means that the mandate has passed over to someone else.
How was the Zhoul state?
It was much larger than the shang, it was so extensive that a single central court oculd not rule that the entire land effectively at least not with teht ransportation and communication tehcniologies available
What type of government was the Zhou
It was adecentralized administration. They entrusted power, authority and responsibility to subordinates who owed tribute
In return of political rights, what did poeple have to do
visit to show thier loyalty
Despite thier best efforts, the Zhou kings could not maintain control because
Subordinates gradually established thier own bases of power, they ruled thie territories not only as allies of the Zhou. They set up regional bureacuracies, armies and tax systems
Technological developments also worked in favor of subordinate rulers..hhow?
Zhou kings were not able to contorl the production of bronze as closely as their Shang Predecessors had and subordnates built up stockpile sof weapons. During the first milennuim, the technology of iron had sprad
Because iron ores anreboth cheap and more abundant than copper and tin, were they able to monopolize?
In 771, what did Nomadic poeples do?
INvade CHina from the west, the came during the rule of a particularly ineffective king who did not engjoy teh repspect of his political allies, when subordinates refused to support, they were overwhelemed
Where did the nomadic people come into ( like what rule?
During the rule of aparticularly ineffective king who did not enjoy the rspect of his political allies. When subordinates refused to support, the invadrs overwhelmedthe Zhou capital at Hao.
When subordinates refused to support the king, the invaders overwhelmed the Zhou Capita at Hao
In face, the political initiative had passed from the Zhou kings to their
suboridantes and the royal court never regained its authority. By the fifth cetury, territorial princes ignored the central government and used their resources to build strength and expand thier states
What were the last centuries of the Zhou dynasty known as?
the Period of Warring States, in 256 BCE the Zhou dynasty ended when the last king abdicated his throne
In China, as in the other parts of the ancient world he introuction of agriculture enabled individuals to do what
accumulate wealth and preserve it whith thier families Social distinctions began to appear during neolithic times and after the establishment of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou
During the Xia dynasty, and the Shang and Zhou, where did the royal family and allied noble families occupy on the social statues
The most honorable positions. The resided in large palatial compounds made of poumded earth, and they ived on the agriultural surplus and taxes delivered by thier subjects
