Chapter 16 Flashcards
Who was Burzig ibn Shahriyar?
A 10th century shipmaster from Siraf, a prosperous and bustling port city on the Persian gulf coast. He sailed frquently to Arabian and Inda and may have ventured to Malaya, the islands of Southeast Asi, China and east Africa
What did Burzig write?
He wrote 136 short stories in Book of Wonders. It had a bunch of tall tales he told of fiant lobster tha tseized a ship’s anchor and dragged the essel through the water of mermaids and sea drafons of creatures born form human fathers and fish mothers. Yet, alongside the tall tales, many of Burxigs stories relfecte dthe conditions of the time
How did the Gupta dynasty end?
It came under sever spressure form nomadic invaders. From the mid fourth to the mid fith century , Gupta ruler sresisted the rpressures and preserved order throuhgout muhc of hte Indian subcontinent.
Who invaded india in 451
The white Huns and their invasion led to the end of the Gupta dyanasty.
What was the differen ce for norht and south Inda
they followed different political trajectories afte rthe fall of teh Gupta empire. In the norht, politics becmae turbulent and almost chaotic.
What was it like in the north?
IT was chaotic. Nomadic turkish people from central Asia frquently took advantage of that unselttled state of affairs to crosso the Byber ass and frce sthier way into Inda. They found niches for themselves in teh caste system
King Harsha
606-648 temporarily resptored unified rule in most of norhtern Inda and sough tto revive imperail authority.
Origins of Harsha
He cam e to the throne of his kingdom and sough t to revive imperial authority. Harsha came ot teh thorne at age 16. He was fille diwth energy and ambition and his army thorhgout norhtern Inda
Harsah’s army
20 thousand cavlry, fifithy thousand infantry and five thousand war elephants and by 612, he had subdued those who refused ot rcognize his authority. He extended his influence to the Himalayas
What was HArsha’s reputation
He was kind adn had a reputaion for piety , liberality and even scholarship. He provided the free medical carefor his subjects and buit hospitals .
Why did Harsha’s kingdom collapse
because local rulers had establishe dtoo many basis of powers and he had to try to get alliances wiht local rulers who were just kings
Conquest of the Snd
Arab forces entered inda in the seventh century, evne before the establishment of the Umayyad caliphate although thier first expidition were exploratory venturyes rather than campaigns.
711
They conquered Sind, the indus valley in the norhtewest and incorperatedin the Umayyad empire. Sind stood on the
Sind,
was on the Islamic world, but it was cool because it also had abunc of Hindu, Budhdist or Parsi people and they ahd many muslim movements
Where did Muslim merchants take thir faiths
Araba and Perisan mariners had visited Indian ports ofr centuiies before Muhamad and their muslim ecendants dominated trade and transport networks between Inda and western lands from the seventh thorugh the fifteenth century.
How idd the Islmic epople gain control in these territories
They married ocal wome an d gradually, there was a new Muslim population
What was a trade city
It was called camby
What was the third route that Islam reached india
Through migrations and invasions of Turkish speaking peop,e from central Asia. During the tenth century, several Turkish gorups had become acquainted wiht ISalam through their deaings and they entered the realm and moved inteo Afghanistan
Mahmud of Ghazani
Was the leader of the Turks in Afghanistan and soon turned his attention to the rich ladn t the south. between 1001-1027, hemounted seventeen raideing expeditins ito Inda and he took andvantaege of local infighting and established several states.
Why did Mahmud come?
He was intersted in plundering imany of the temples. They established Mosques
What was the sultanate fo Dlhi
It was the systematic conqueoring of the north and the Delhi was thecontorling point. It had a strong army, and the sultans reign did not extend far beyond the place. They often conducted raid, and they had no permanent bureaucracy or politcal and military authority
South Idna
had competitions between states which sometimes resulted in regional wars, but southern conflicts were less frquent, less intense and es dmaging than those that plagued the north
Chola Kingdom
In the deep south which ruled Coromandel coast for more than four centuriesfrom 850-1267. At its high point during the eleventh century, hey Had Ceylon
What was the CHola’s kigdom strong point
Its navy which dominated the water from the south china sea the arabian sea
Chola rulers govenrment
Did not build a tightly centralized state, they allowed considerable autonomy for local and village institutions as long as they maintained order and delivered tax revenue on time. Cola ruelrs had es sinterst in buiding a poweful state that in realizing profts that came form their domination of trdae in the Indian ocea
Where di dChola offica sgo?
Native Sinhalese and Ceylon
Vijayanagar
based in teh norhtern Deccan. The kingdom
ORigin of Vijayanagar?
Two brothers Harihara and Bukka to represent the Sultan. They recognized an opportunity to establish themselves as an independent rulers from the sultans. in1336, they renoune dSlam reture do their origianl Indu faith (City of Vicotry)
Because of the rhythms of the Monsoon ws,
irrigation was essential for the maintenance of a large densely populated agricultural socity
What were the season like
The spring and usmmer, warm, moisture laden winds from the southwaest bourought rainfall. Autumn and winter cool adn dry winds blow
What were the irirgation systems?
In Northern inda, the fixtures since Harappan times hwen cultivators tapped the waters of teh Indus river. leater,t he Armyasns migrated tinto the GangesRiver valley and they found plentiul surface water.
Southern Water sytems
It became more densely populated, irrigation systems became curicial and a great deal of energy and efoort went into the costruciton of waterworks. Dams, reservoirs, canals, wells and tunnels appeared.
Bhopal
during the 11th century gcovered some 650 km. Projects of that size requried enormous investments of Human energy
What were the population growths
53,64,79
The demographic surge encouraged what?
The concentration of people in tcities. During eh 14century, the capital city had a bunch of poeple
What were some cities?
Cambay, Surat, Caicut, Quilon, and Masulipatam
As population grew, what opportunities became avaliable
Opportunities for specializaion in Labor
What were the staple crops
Rice, Wheat, Barley, and Millet.
