Chapter 3 Flashcards
For almost three thousand yeas, what had Egyptan emlmers presrved?
The bodies of deceased individuals through a process o f mummification
What does the Greek Historian Herodotus say about the craft?
The embalmer first used a metal hook to draw the brain of the decesased out through a nostiril then removedht einternal organs though an incisions made alongside the abdomen. Washed them in palm wine and sealed them with a private thng
What did Egyptian gunery customs refelc?
A rposporous agricultural society, Food offerings consisted ostly of local agricultura products and scene painted on tomb walls
Egyptian society emerged along side what?
Nubia and other societies in sub saharan Africa
African agriculture emerged in the context of guradual but
momentous changes in climatic coinditions
After 10,000 bCE, what was teh Sahara desert like?
It was mostly a grassy steppe hland with numerous lakes, rivers, and streams. Rh
What is the sudan region?
It was the extensive transition zone of savanna andgreassland that stretches between Sahara to the north and the tropical forest to the south.
What flourished in the Sudan environment?
Grasses and Cattle
After about 9000 BCE, peoples of the eastern Sudan domesticated what?
Cattle and became nomadic herders while they continued to collect wild.
After 7500 BCE, they established permanent settlements and began to cultivate what?
Sorghum, a grain that is widely grown
Sudan began to cultivate what in the region between the Niger nad Congo rivers?
Sudanic agricultrual became increasingly diverse of the following centuries, over the follwing centuries, what camein there?
Sheep, goats arived from southwest Asia after 7000 BCE
Many Sudanic people ad formed what in terms of government
small monarchies ruled by kings who were viewed as divine or semidiving beings
WhenSudanic people burried htier kings, what did they do the the servents?
They exceuted them so that they could continue to meet the masters needs
What force did the Sudanic people recognize?
They saw a single divine fource that was the source of good, evil. They associated with rain
AFter 5000 BCE,w aht hapened to the norhten half of Africa
It was very hot. People moved
Where did the people move?
To the Vicotira/Nile River
Where was the most important tramsformation of agriculture evident?
in Egypt
In ancient times, what did the term Egypt refer to?
Ut refered not to the territory embraced by the modern state, but rather to the ribbon of land bordering the lower third of the Nile between the Mediterranean and the rivers first cataract
Egypt enjoyed a much larger flood plain than most of the land to the south known as what?
NUbia
As the Sahara became really arid, what did people flock to do?
They wanted to go to the Nile to establise societies that depended on intensive agriculture. BEcause of their broad floodplains, Egyptians were able to t take better advantagge of th eNIle’s annual floods than the Nubian sot the south
What did the Egyp and Nubia come under the infeluce of the Mediterranean basin. How?
At around 10,000 BCE migrants form teh red sea hills in Norhtern Ethiopi traveled down the Nile vallley and intoruced a language anestral to Coptic
What is a language that migrants from teh Red Sea introduced to the Egyptians?
Coptic, which is the langauge of ancien tEgypt to the lower reaches of the Nile Valley
After 5000 BCE, what happeend to African climate?
It grew hotter and drier, Sudanic cultivors and herders moved down the Nile, introcucing Egypt and Nubia to African coprs such as gourds and watemelons