Chapter 23-Transoceanic Encounters Flashcards
On 8 July, 1497, the POrtugese mariner Vasco da Gama led a small fleet of four armed merchant vessels with 170 men…where was he going?
He was going to Inda, and going around Africa
What did Da Gama carry?
He carried letters of introduction form the king of Portugal as well as cargoes of gold, pearls, wool textiles, bronzeware, iron tools, and other goods that he oped to exchange in spices
Before there was an opportunity to trade, da Gama and his crew had a prolonged voyage through two oceans, they sailed south
What did thePortugese find in India?
they found a cosmopolatin society/
Between 1400-1800, what did European mariners launched a remarkable series of explorations voyages that took them to all the earths waters with th eexception of the
extreme polar regions
What did the voyages enable European mariners dto do?
chart the world’s ocean basins and develop an accurate understanding of world
Private investors and overnment authorities had strong motives to have what?
natical technology
Who were the most prominent explorers?
Mariners from the poor and hardscarabble kingdom of Potugal were the most proment
Portugese seamen ventured away from the coasts and into the open Atlantic Ocean, what did they want?
Fish, seals, whales, timber, and lands where they could grow wheat to supplement the meager resources
What did Europeans want?
They were looking for basic resources, lands suitable for cultivation of cash crops, and trade routes
iN the 14th century, what did the Portugese discover?
The uninhabited lands of Azores and Maderias. THey were called the Canary Islands
What did people often go to plant?
Sugar
Why did Europeans want to explore the world’s oceans?
The search for cash crops, lands and resources, and trade routes
Where were some portugese plantations?
IN Sao Tome, Cape Verde Islands, Principe, Fernando PO
What were some events that promoted trade? Maritime Trade….
Th e fall of the Mongol empire, European merchants often traveled overland as far as China to trade with the collapse of the mOngol Empires and the spread of the bubonic plague….Muslim mariners continued to bring Asian goods through the Indian Ocean and Red Sea….
What items were regarded as necessary
Indina pepper, Chinese ginger, as expensive necessities and htey especially prized cloves and nutmeg from Maluku
What trade also beckoned Europeans?
African trade beocned them to sea. Since the twelfth century, Europeans had purchased west African gold, ivory, slaves delivered by trans Saharan camel caravans of Muslim merhcants to north African ports
What was a very important commondity?
Gold, because it was they way people were paid
What also went along with trade goods?
Missionary efforts
Beginning in the leventh century, western Europeans had launched a series of crusades and holy wars against who>
The musims in Palestine, the Mediterranean Islands, and Ibera. Crusading zeal remained espcially strong in Iberia.
Prince Henry, the navigator prmoted voyages of eploration in west Africa specifically to enter?
The gold trade, discover profitable new trade routes, gain intelligence about the extent of MUsim power, win converts to Christianity, and make alliances against Muslims
What types of technology did Mariners need/
HTey need sturdy ships. navigational equipment, and saling tehcnqies
What were some things that came to Europeans?
They had a sternpost, they had lateen ( manuverable and could cathc winds form the sdie) square sails enabled them to take full advantage of teh winds
The most important navigational equpment on bored these vessels were
magnetic compasses and astrolabes that helped them naviage