chapter 5

Question 1

kidneys anatomy

Answer 1

cortex (outside) and medulla (inside)
–> glomeruli in outer cortex

Question 2

calyx function

Answer 2

funnel urine to tubules

Question 3

flow of urine

Answer 3

1. glomerulus filters plasma into urine
2. once filtered, enters ureter and passes to bladder (holding area)
   –>body tells us to pee at 150mL of urine

Question 4

areas of the kidney

Answer 4

1. glomerulus
2. proximal convoluted tubule
3. loop of henle
4. distal convoluted tubules
5. collecting tubule

Question 5

where does glomerulus get blood to filter

Answer 5

arteriole vessels supply blood individually to glomerulus of each nephron

Question 6

renin

Answer 6

enzymes that is released when blood pressure drops, sodium levels drop, or potassium levels increase
–> renin causes angiotensin formation and aldosterone secretion (retaining sodium)

Question 7

urine formation

Answer 7

1. plasma filtration at glomeruli
2. reabsorption and selective secretion by renal tubules

Question 8

secretion

Answer 8

out through urine

Question 9

reabsorption

Answer 9

back to blood

Question 10

proximal tubule reabsorption

Answer 10

bicarbonate, calcium, glucose, amino acids (proteins), phosphate + sulfate

Question 11

proximal tubules secretion

Answer 11

weak acids and bases

Question 12

loop of henle reabsorption

Answer 12

urea

Question 13

loop of henle secretion

Answer 13

urea

Question 14

distal tubule reabsorption

Answer 14

sulfate, uric acid

Question 15

distal tubule secretion

Answer 15

uric acid and potassium

Question 16

collecting tubule reabsorption

Answer 16

water, chloride and urea

Question 17

collecting tubule secretion

Answer 17

same as distal but without uric acid

Question 18

normal range of blood pH

Answer 18

7.35 to 7.45

Question 19

3 body systems that maintain pH

Answer 19

blood bicarbonate
pulmonary system
renal system

Question 20

blood bicarbonate system

Answer 20

buffers prevent pH from changing

Question 21

pulmonary system

Answer 21

lungs can exhale or retain carbon dioxide

Question 22

renal system

Answer 22

increases/decreases:
1. excretion of hydrogen ions
2. formation of ammonia
3. bicarbonate

Question 23

ADH function

Answer 23

controls water reabsorption in collecting tubules

Question 24

where is ADH produced

Answer 24

in hypothalamus and released into pituitary gland