chapter 5 Flashcards
kidneys anatomy
cortex (outside) and medulla (inside)
–> glomeruli in outer cortex
calyx function
funnel urine to tubules
flow of urine
- glomerulus filters plasma into urine
- once filtered, enters ureter and passes to bladder (holding area)
–>body tells us to pee at 150mL of urine
areas of the kidney
- glomerulus
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of henle
- distal convoluted tubules
- collecting tubule
where does glomerulus get blood to filter
arteriole vessels supply blood individually to glomerulus of each nephron
renin
enzymes that is released when blood pressure drops, sodium levels drop, or potassium levels increase
–> renin causes angiotensin formation and aldosterone secretion (retaining sodium)
urine formation
- plasma filtration at glomeruli
- reabsorption and selective secretion by renal tubules
secretion
out through urine
reabsorption
back to blood
proximal tubule reabsorption
bicarbonate, calcium, glucose, amino acids (proteins), phosphate + sulfate
proximal tubules secretion
weak acids and bases
loop of henle reabsorption
urea
loop of henle secretion
urea
distal tubule reabsorption
sulfate, uric acid
distal tubule secretion
uric acid and potassium
collecting tubule reabsorption
water, chloride and urea
collecting tubule secretion
same as distal but without uric acid
normal range of blood pH
7.35 to 7.45
3 body systems that maintain pH
blood bicarbonate
pulmonary system
renal system
blood bicarbonate system
buffers prevent pH from changing
pulmonary system
lungs can exhale or retain carbon dioxide
renal system
increases/decreases:
1. excretion of hydrogen ions
2. formation of ammonia
3. bicarbonate
ADH function
controls water reabsorption in collecting tubules
where is ADH produced
in hypothalamus and released into pituitary gland
