ch 7 objectives Flashcards
recommended methods for specimen preparation
differeniate between normal and abnormal sediments constituents
pathogenic: RBCS WBCS bacteria, yeast, crystals and casts
discuss the significance of RBCs and WBCs in urinary sediments
RBCS: glomerular membrane damage, renal calculi
WBCS: bacterial infection, glomerulonephritis
name/describe 3 types of epithelial cells found in sediment
transitional, squamous, renal tubular
significance of oval fat bodies
lipiduria: histiocyte formation
significance of bacteria
significance of yeast
significance of parasites
significance of spermatozoa
process of cast formation
formed in convulted tubules due to urinary stasis
significance of hyaline cast
extremely common in mild and extreme renal diseases
significance of RBC casts
always pathologic
–>damage within nephron and to the glomerulus (glomerulonephritis
significance fo WBC casts
caused by infection or inflammation (pyelonephritis)
signifcance of bacterial casts
associated with pyelonephritis
significane of granular casts
occurs from cellular disintegration
significance of waxy casts
occur from long term urinary stasis –> chronic renal failure
significane of broad casts
form from any type of cast (failure of granular or waxy)
normal crystals found in acidic and alkaline urine
calcium oxalate
significance of cystine
colorless, thin, and hexagonal
signifiance of cholesterol
clear, flat plates
significance of leucine
yellow-brown spheroids
significance of tyrosine
yellow-brown fine needles
significance of bilirubin
yellow-brown needles or granules
actual sediment vs artifacts
actual: naturally occuring particles in urine
artifacts: foreign particles that you get from collection
