ch 9

Question 1

formation of CSF

Answer 1

selective secretion
higher levels of sodium and chloride and magnesium
lower levels of potassium and calcium

Question 2

normal volume of CSF

Answer 2

85-150 mL

Question 3

where do you collect CSF

Answer 3

between 3rd and 4th lumbar spaces

Question 4

testing CSF

Answer 4

measure pressure (should be between 50-180)
tubes in sequential order (chemistry, microbiology culture, cell counts)

Question 5

examination

Answer 5

measure clarity vs turbidity

Question 6

xanthochromia

Answer 6

abnormal color of CSF (either yellow, orange or pink)

Question 7

causes of xanothochromia

Answer 7

hemorrhage, hyperbilirubinemia, hypercarotenemia, meningeal melanoma,

Question 8

presence of visible blood can be caused by

Answer 8

traumatic tap or hemorrhage

–> recognize traumatic tap by performing cell counts of 1st and 3rd tube (should decrease)

Question 9

microscopic examination

Answer 9

normal cell count (0-5 lymphocytes and monocytes
–> NOT RBCS

Question 10

WBC count

Answer 10

diluted with acetic acid and counted

Question 11

pleocytosis

Answer 11

increased number of cells in CSF that causes turbidity/cloudiness

Question 12

increased neutrophils mean

Answer 12

bacterial meningitis

Question 13

increased lymphocytes means

Answer 13

viral, TB, fungal or aspectic meningitits,
multiple sclerosis

Question 14

plasma cells mean

Answer 14

tuberculous and syphilitc meningitis

Question 15

eosinophils means

Answer 15

parasitic or allergic

Question 16

macrophages means

Answer 16

hemorrhage

Question 17

total protein in CSF

Answer 17

normal is 15-45 mg/dl
–> assess integrity if blood brain barrier

Question 18

increased protein is due to

Answer 18

contamination during tap or change in blood barrier

Question 19

CSF associated conditions

Answer 19

meningitis, multiple sclerosis, trauma

Question 20

decreased protein is due to

Answer 20

intracranial pressure

Question 21

protein electrophoresis

Answer 21

4 bands that predominate CSF
1. transthyretin, albumin, and 2 differing transferrin bands

Question 22

what is 2nd transferrin band called

Answer 22

tau protein

Question 23

microbiological examination

Answer 23

gram stain –> bacteria
acid-fast –> TB meningitis
wrights stain –> naegleria fowleri