ch 10

Question 1

what does serous fluid fill

Answer 1

spaces between organs

Question 2

what is serous fluid

Answer 2

ultrafiltrate of plasma that serves as lubricant between organ membranes (free movement of organs)

Question 3

what is fluid formation controlled by

Answer 3

1. permeability of capillaries in the parietal membrane
2. hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
3. oncotic pressure produced by plasma proteins
4. absorption of fluid by lymphatic system

Question 4

what is hydrostatic pressure

Answer 4

think blood pressure that forces plasma to form in cavity

Question 5

what is oncotic pressure

Answer 5

plasma proteins that opposes filtration

Question 6

what regulates rate of ultrafiltrate filtration

Answer 6

permeability of capillary endothelium

Question 7

what is effusion

Answer 7

accumulation of fluid in a body cavity

Question 8

what is paracentesis

Answer 8

puncture of body cavity for the aspiration of fluid

Question 9

what tubes are used for microscopic examination of serous fluid

Answer 9

EDTA or sodium heparin (anticoagulant)

Question 10

what tubes is used of chemical testing

Answer 10

nonanticoagulant tube

Question 11

how is serous fluid maintained

Answer 11

at roome temp

Question 12

characteristics of transudates

Answer 12

increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased oncotic pressure
–> clear
–> pale yellow
–> no clots
–> mononuclear cells
–> equal glucose levels

Question 13

charasteristics of exudates

Answer 13

increased capillary permeability
decreased lymphatic absorption
–> cloudy
–> yellow, green, pink, red
–> clots
–> nuetrophils
–> decreased glucose levels

Question 14

what causes transudates

Answer 14

systemic diseases –> typically noninflammatory

Question 15

associated conditions with transudates

Answer 15

congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome

Question 16

what causes exudates

Answer 16

inflammatory processes

Question 17

associated conditions with exudates

Answer 17

neoplasma, systemic disorders, trauma

Question 18

are pericardial effusions classified as transudate or exudate

Answer 18

no

Question 19

chylous effusion

Answer 19

milky fluid with presence of chyle caused by obstruction of or damage to lymphatic system

Question 20

WBC in transudates vs exudates

Answer 20

exudates generally exceed 1000 while transudates are less than

Question 21

TP ratio less that 0.5 and LD ration less than 0.6

Answer 21

transudate

Question 22

TP ration greater than 0.5 and LD greater than 0.6

Answer 22

exudate