Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

amnesia

A

condition in which there is damage to the brain making it difficult to learn new things

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2
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

shots caller - makes decisions, plans, executes plans

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3
Q

developmental psychiatry

A

branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social development throughout the life span

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4
Q

cross-sectional study

A

research that compares people of different ages at the same time

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5
Q

longitudinal study

A

research that follows and retests the same people over time

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6
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg. enters two weeks of rapid cell devision and develops into embryot

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7
Q

embryo

A

zygote attaches to uterine lining, inner cells form embryo and outer cells form placenta. 2 weeks through 2 months

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8
Q

fetus

A

developing human organism from 9 weeks through birth

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9
Q

teratogens

A

agents (chemicals, virus, etc) that can reach embryo/fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

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10
Q

fetal alcohol syndrom (FAS)

A

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant person’s heavy drinking

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11
Q

habituation

A

decreased responsiveness with repeated stimulation as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to stimulus, their interest wanes (ex. look away sooner)

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12
Q

maturation

A

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

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13
Q

in days immediately following birth…

A

infant brain size greatly increases as neural connections form

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14
Q

from 3-6 months after birth…

A

brain size increases with massive growth in frontal lobes (control attention + behavior)

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15
Q

rapid cerebellum development/maturation enables babies to stand/walk at…

A

11ish months old

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16
Q

cognition

A

all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

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17
Q

schema

A

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

18
Q

assimilation

A

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.

ex. baby thinks all four-leged animals are dogs)

19
Q

accommodation

A

adapting our current understandings (schema) to incorporate new information

ex. baby learns its schema is too broad so it refines its understanding

20
Q

piaget’s stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor stage

A

birth - 2 yo.

stage at which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

21
Q

piaget’s stages of cognitive development: preoperational stage

A

2 yo - 6/7 yo.

stage at which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

22
Q

piaget’s stages of cognitive development: concrete operational stage

A

7 yo - 11 yo.

stage at which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete objects

23
Q

piaget’s stages of cognitive development: formal operational stage

A

12+ yo.

stage at which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

24
Q

object permanence

A

the awareness that objects continue to exist, even when not perceived

24
conservation
the principle that properties such as mass, volume, number, etc. remains the same despite changes in form of the object. ex. different shaped glasses of milk
25
egocentrism (piaget's theory)
the pre-operational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
26
scaffold
a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking
27
theory of mind
people's ideas of their own and others' mental states (about their feelings, thoughts, perceptions, and the behaviors these might predict)
28
stranger anxiety
the fear of strangers that infants often display beginning by 8 mo
29
critical period
an optimal period in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development
30
basic trust (according to erik erikson)
a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy. said to be formed during infancy by appropriate (caring, nurturing, etc) experiences with responsive caregivers
31
seld-concept
all of our thoughts and feelings about ourself. and answer to the question "who am i?"
32
adolescence
the transition period from childhood to adulthood. extending from puberty to independance
33
puberty
period of sexual maturation during which a person usually becomes capable of reproducing
34
identity
our sense of self. according to erikson: the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
35
social identity
the "we" aspect of our self-concept. the part of our answer to "who am i?" that comes from our group memberships
36
intimacy (in erik erikson's theory)
the ability to form close loving relationships, a primary development task in young adulthood
37
emerging adulthood
period from 18-mid 20s when many in wester cultures are no longer adolescence but have not yet achieved full independence as adults
38
menopause
the time of natural cessation of menstruation. also refers to the biological changes a female experiences as their ability to reproduce declines
39
neurocognitive disorders (NCD or dimensia in older adults)
aquired disorders marked by cognitive deficits. often related to alzeimers, brain injury or disease, and substance abuse.
40
alzeimers disease
a neurocognative disorder marked by neural placks often with onset after 80 yo causing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities a deterioration of the neurons that produce the neurotransmitter acetylcoline which helps with memory
41
social clock
the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.