Chapter 12 Flashcards
emotion
a response of the whole organism. involves (1) physical arousal (heart pumping etc), (2) expressive behaviors (walking frantically), and most importantly (3) conscious experience resulting from one’s interpretations (is this a kidnapping?
james-lang theory
theory that our experience of emotion occurs when we become aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus.
A BEFORE E - arousal before emotion
cannon-bard theory
theory that emotionally-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion
the two “n”s in cannon are next to eachother/simultanious
shachter-singer two factor theory
theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal
Think “Exactor” meaning you double check your emotion by labeling the arousal just to be sure.
high road
complex emotions come in as stimulus then go through the thalamus for analysis then finally the amygdala (emotion-control center)
low road
fear provoking stimuli (for example, just info we need to get asap or likes/dislikes) travels straight to the amygdala
polygraph
a machine used in attempts to detect lies. measures emotion-linked changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing
facial expressions linked to the main emotions are…
universal
william james came up with the idea that…
we can control emotions through “outward movements” (smile therapy)
facial feedback effect
the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
behavior feedback effect
the tendency of behavior to influence our own and other’s thoughts, feelings, and actions
catharsis
the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy through action or fantasy relieves agresive urges
three ways to manage emotion (anger) (not catharsis):
- wait. you will eventually calm down
- find healthy distraction or support. ruminating on being angry makes it worse.
- distance yourself. try to see the situation from a 3rd person perspective/as if you were watching it
feel good - do good phenomenon
people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
positive psychology
the scientific discovery of human flourishing. aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
subjective wellbeing
self-perceived happiness or satisaction with life. used along with measures of objective wellbeing (physical, economic factors etc) to evaluate peoples’ quality of life
3 pillars of positive psychology
- positive wellbeing: satisfaction with past, happiness with the present, optimistic about the future
- positive traits: exploring + enhancing leadership, creativity, self-control, compassion, etc
- positive groups, communities, and cultures: fosters a positive social ecology
we “blank” the duration of our emotions and “blank” our resilience and capacity to adapt
overestimate; underestimate
does income/money predict happiness?
yes, up to a satiation point after which piling up more and more money matters less and less
economic growth in affluent countries (has/has not) provided an apparent boost to people’s morale or social wellbeing
has NOT
adaption-level phenomenon
our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, lights, income) relative to a neural level defined by our prior experience
relative deprivation
the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whome we compare ourselves
happiness (naturally) is determined partially by “blank” and partially through “blank”
genetics; personal history and culture
stress
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
stressors (3 main types)
- catastrophes
- significant life changes
- daily hassel (includes social stress)
aproach + avoidance motives
the drive to move towards or away from a stimulus
general adaptation syndrome (GHS)
Selye’s cocnept of the bodys adaptive repsonse to stress in 3 phases
3 phases of general adaptation syndrome
- alarm reaction (increased heartrate + bloodflow to skeletal musckles
- resistance (continuation of physical sensations from 1, but you only have so much adrenaline(
- exhaustion (become more vulnerable to illness or even death)
tend and befriend response
under stress, people (espeshaly women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
health psychology
a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contibution to behavioral medicine
psychoneuroimmunology
the study of how psychology, neural, and endocrine processes together effect our immune system and resulting health
immune system disfunction errs in two directions. what are those two?
- responds too strongly. attacks body’s own tissue (autoimmune)
- underresponds. allowing a bacterial infection to spread or cancer cells to grow
in stressed people, what 3 things are they more vulnurable to?
- surgical wounds heal more slowly
- more vulnurable to colds
- stress can hasten (speed up) the course of disease
coronary heart disease
the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle. a leading cause of death in many developed countries
type A
friedman and rosenmen’s term for competitive, hard driving, impatient, verbally agressive, and anger-prone people
type B
friedman and rosenmen’s term for easygoing, relaxed people
some toxic behaviors that increase risk of coronary disease
anger, pessimism, supressing, negative emotions, depression and more
coping
alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods
emotional-focused coping
attempting to aleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction
problem-focused coping
attempting to aleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor
personal control
our sense of controlling the environment rather than feeling helpless
learned helplesness
the hoplesness and passibe resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated adverse stimulus
external loss of control
the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate
internal locus of control
the perception that we control our own fate
self control
the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gradification for greater long-term rewards
aerobic exercise
sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness
mindfulness meditaion
a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner
3 reasons why mindfulness works
- strengthens connections amung brain regions
- activates brain regions associated with more reflective awareness
- calms brain activation in emotional situations
3 possible reasons for the religiosity-longevity coorilation
- healthy behaviors (faiths promote self-control)
- sicuak syooirt bro this is supposed to say social support wtf (there for another when misfortune strikes)
- positive emotions (stable coherant worldview and sense of hope for the future)
