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Intro Pych > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

emotion

A

a response of the whole organism. involves (1) physical arousal (heart pumping etc), (2) expressive behaviors (walking frantically), and most importantly (3) conscious experience resulting from one’s interpretations (is this a kidnapping?

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2
Q

james-lang theory

A

theory that our experience of emotion occurs when we become aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus.

A BEFORE E - arousal before emotion

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3
Q

cannon-bard theory

A

theory that emotionally-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

the two “n”s in cannon are next to eachother/simultanious

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4
Q

shachter-singer two factor theory

A

theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

Think “Exactor” meaning you double check your emotion by labeling the arousal just to be sure.

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5
Q

high road

A

complex emotions come in as stimulus then go through the thalamus for analysis then finally the amygdala (emotion-control center)

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6
Q

low road

A

fear provoking stimuli (for example, just info we need to get asap or likes/dislikes) travels straight to the amygdala

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7
Q

polygraph

A

a machine used in attempts to detect lies. measures emotion-linked changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing

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8
Q

facial expressions linked to the main emotions are…

A

universal

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9
Q

william james came up with the idea that…

A

we can control emotions through “outward movements” (smile therapy)

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10
Q

facial feedback effect

A

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

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11
Q

behavior feedback effect

A

the tendency of behavior to influence our own and other’s thoughts, feelings, and actions

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12
Q

catharsis

A

the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy through action or fantasy relieves agresive urges

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13
Q

three ways to manage emotion (anger) (not catharsis):

A
  1. wait. you will eventually calm down
  2. find healthy distraction or support. ruminating on being angry makes it worse.
  3. distance yourself. try to see the situation from a 3rd person perspective/as if you were watching it
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14
Q

feel good - do good phenomenon

A

people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

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15
Q

positive psychology

A

the scientific discovery of human flourishing. aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

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16
Q

subjective wellbeing

A

self-perceived happiness or satisaction with life. used along with measures of objective wellbeing (physical, economic factors etc) to evaluate peoples’ quality of life

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17
Q

3 pillars of positive psychology

A
  1. positive wellbeing: satisfaction with past, happiness with the present, optimistic about the future
  2. positive traits: exploring + enhancing leadership, creativity, self-control, compassion, etc
  3. positive groups, communities, and cultures: fosters a positive social ecology
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18
Q

we “blank” the duration of our emotions and “blank” our resilience and capacity to adapt

A

overestimate; underestimate

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19
Q

does income/money predict happiness?

A

yes, up to a satiation point after which piling up more and more money matters less and less

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20
Q

economic growth in affluent countries (has/has not) provided an apparent boost to people’s morale or social wellbeing

A

has NOT

21
Q

adaption-level phenomenon

A

our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, lights, income) relative to a neural level defined by our prior experience

22
Q

relative deprivation

A

the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whome we compare ourselves

23
Q

happiness (naturally) is determined partially by “blank” and partially through “blank”

A

genetics; personal history and culture

24
Q

stress

A

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

25
Q

stressors (3 main types)

A
  1. catastrophes
  2. significant life changes
  3. daily hassel (includes social stress)
26
Q

aproach + avoidance motives

A

the drive to move towards or away from a stimulus

27
Q

general adaptation syndrome (GHS)

A

Selye’s cocnept of the bodys adaptive repsonse to stress in 3 phases

28
Q

3 phases of general adaptation syndrome

A
  1. alarm reaction (increased heartrate + bloodflow to skeletal musckles
  2. resistance (continuation of physical sensations from 1, but you only have so much adrenaline(
  3. exhaustion (become more vulnerable to illness or even death)
29
Q

tend and befriend response

A

under stress, people (espeshaly women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

30
Q

health psychology

A

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contibution to behavioral medicine

31
Q

psychoneuroimmunology

A

the study of how psychology, neural, and endocrine processes together effect our immune system and resulting health

32
Q

immune system disfunction errs in two directions. what are those two?

A
  1. responds too strongly. attacks body’s own tissue (autoimmune)
  2. underresponds. allowing a bacterial infection to spread or cancer cells to grow
33
Q

in stressed people, what 3 things are they more vulnurable to?

A
  1. surgical wounds heal more slowly
  2. more vulnurable to colds
  3. stress can hasten (speed up) the course of disease
34
Q

coronary heart disease

A

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle. a leading cause of death in many developed countries

35
Q

type A

A

friedman and rosenmen’s term for competitive, hard driving, impatient, verbally agressive, and anger-prone people

36
Q

type B

A

friedman and rosenmen’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

37
Q

some toxic behaviors that increase risk of coronary disease

A

anger, pessimism, supressing, negative emotions, depression and more

38
Q

coping

A

alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods

39
Q

emotional-focused coping

A

attempting to aleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction

40
Q

problem-focused coping

A

attempting to aleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

41
Q

personal control

A

our sense of controlling the environment rather than feeling helpless

42
Q

learned helplesness

A

the hoplesness and passibe resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated adverse stimulus

43
Q

external loss of control

A

the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

44
Q

internal locus of control

A

the perception that we control our own fate

45
Q

self control

A

the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gradification for greater long-term rewards

46
Q

aerobic exercise

A

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness

47
Q

mindfulness meditaion

A

a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner

48
Q

3 reasons why mindfulness works

A
  1. strengthens connections amung brain regions
  2. activates brain regions associated with more reflective awareness
  3. calms brain activation in emotional situations
49
Q

3 possible reasons for the religiosity-longevity coorilation

A
  1. healthy behaviors (faiths promote self-control)
  2. sicuak syooirt bro this is supposed to say social support wtf (there for another when misfortune strikes)
  3. positive emotions (stable coherant worldview and sense of hope for the future)

Intro Pych (18 decks)

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