Chapter 12

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

a response of the whole organism. involves (1) physical arousal (heart pumping etc), (2) expressive behaviors (walking frantically), and most importantly (3) conscious experience resulting from one’s interpretations (is this a kidnapping?

Question 2

james-lang theory

Answer 2

theory that our experience of emotion occurs when we become aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus.

A BEFORE E - arousal before emotion

Question 3

cannon-bard theory

Answer 3

theory that emotionally-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

the two “n”s in cannon are next to eachother/simultanious

Question 4

shachter-singer two factor theory

Answer 4

theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

Think “Exactor” meaning you double check your emotion by labeling the arousal just to be sure.

Question 5

high road

Answer 5

complex emotions come in as stimulus then go through the thalamus for analysis then finally the amygdala (emotion-control center)

Question 6

low road

Answer 6

fear provoking stimuli (for example, just info we need to get asap or likes/dislikes) travels straight to the amygdala

Question 7

polygraph

Answer 7

a machine used in attempts to detect lies. measures emotion-linked changes in perspiration, heart rate, and breathing

Question 8

facial expressions linked to the main emotions are…

Answer 8

universal

Question 9

william james came up with the idea that…

Answer 9

we can control emotions through “outward movements” (smile therapy)

Question 10

facial feedback effect

Answer 10

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

Question 11

behavior feedback effect

Answer 11

the tendency of behavior to influence our own and other’s thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 12

catharsis

Answer 12

the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy through action or fantasy relieves agresive urges

Question 13

three ways to manage emotion (anger) (not catharsis):

Answer 13

1. wait. you will eventually calm down
2. find healthy distraction or support. ruminating on being angry makes it worse.
3. distance yourself. try to see the situation from a 3rd person perspective/as if you were watching it

Question 14

feel good - do good phenomenon

Answer 14

people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

Question 15

positive psychology

Answer 15

the scientific discovery of human flourishing. aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Question 16

subjective wellbeing

Answer 16

self-perceived happiness or satisaction with life. used along with measures of objective wellbeing (physical, economic factors etc) to evaluate peoples’ quality of life

Question 17

3 pillars of positive psychology

Answer 17

1. positive wellbeing: satisfaction with past, happiness with the present, optimistic about the future
2. positive traits: exploring + enhancing leadership, creativity, self-control, compassion, etc
3. positive groups, communities, and cultures: fosters a positive social ecology

Question 18

we “blank” the duration of our emotions and “blank” our resilience and capacity to adapt

Answer 18

overestimate; underestimate

Question 19

does income/money predict happiness?

Answer 19

yes, up to a satiation point after which piling up more and more money matters less and less

Question 20

economic growth in affluent countries (has/has not) provided an apparent boost to people’s morale or social wellbeing

Answer 20

has NOT

Question 21

adaption-level phenomenon

Answer 21

our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, lights, income) relative to a neural level defined by our prior experience

Question 22

relative deprivation

Answer 22

the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whome we compare ourselves

Question 23

happiness (naturally) is determined partially by “blank” and partially through “blank”

Answer 23

genetics; personal history and culture

Question 24

stress

Answer 24

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Question 25

stressors (3 main types)

Answer 25

1. catastrophes 2. significant life changes 3. daily hassel (includes social stress)

Question 26

aproach + avoidance motives

Answer 26

the drive to move towards or away from a stimulus

Question 27

general adaptation syndrome (GHS)

Answer 27

Selye's cocnept of the bodys adaptive repsonse to stress in 3 phases

Question 28

3 phases of general adaptation syndrome

Answer 28

1. alarm reaction (increased heartrate + bloodflow to skeletal musckles 2. resistance (continuation of physical sensations from 1, but you only have so much adrenaline( 3. exhaustion (become more vulnerable to illness or even death)

Question 29

tend and befriend response

Answer 29

under stress, people (espeshaly women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

Question 30

health psychology

Answer 30

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contibution to behavioral medicine

Question 31

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 31

the study of how psychology, neural, and endocrine processes together effect our immune system and resulting health

Question 32

immune system disfunction errs in two directions. what are those two?

Answer 32

1. responds too strongly. attacks body's own tissue (autoimmune) 2. underresponds. allowing a bacterial infection to spread or cancer cells to grow

Question 33

in stressed people, what 3 things are they more vulnurable to?

Answer 33

1. surgical wounds heal more slowly 2. more vulnurable to colds 3. stress can hasten (speed up) the course of disease

Question 34

coronary heart disease

Answer 34

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle. a leading cause of death in many developed countries

Question 35

type A

Answer 35

friedman and rosenmen's term for competitive, hard driving, impatient, verbally agressive, and anger-prone people

Question 36

type B

Answer 36

friedman and rosenmen's term for easygoing, relaxed people

Question 37

some toxic behaviors that increase risk of coronary disease

Answer 37

anger, pessimism, supressing, negative emotions, depression and more

Question 38

coping

Answer 38

alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods

Question 39

emotional-focused coping

Answer 39

attempting to aleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction

Question 40

problem-focused coping

Answer 40

attempting to aleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

Question 41

personal control

Answer 41

our sense of controlling the environment rather than feeling helpless

Question 42

learned helplesness

Answer 42

the hoplesness and passibe resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated adverse stimulus

Question 43

external loss of control

Answer 43

the perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Question 44

internal locus of control

Answer 44

the perception that we control our own fate

Question 45

self control

Answer 45

the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gradification for greater long-term rewards

Question 46

aerobic exercise

Answer 46

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness

Question 47

mindfulness meditaion

Answer 47

a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner

Question 48

3 reasons why mindfulness works

Answer 48

1. strengthens connections amung brain regions 2. activates brain regions associated with more reflective awareness 3. calms brain activation in emotional situations

Question 49

3 possible reasons for the religiosity-longevity coorilation

Answer 49

1. healthy behaviors (faiths promote self-control) 2. sicuak syooirt bro this is supposed to say social support wtf (there for another when misfortune strikes) 3. positive emotions (stable coherant worldview and sense of hope for the future)