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Intro Pych > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

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2
Q

psychodynamic theories

A

theories that view personality with a focus on the unconcious and the importance of childhood experiences

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3
Q

psychoanalysis

A

frued’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconcious motives and conflicts. the teqnique used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconcious tensions

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4
Q

unconcious

A

according to freud: a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories.

according to psychologists now: it is information processing of which we are unaware

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5
Q

free association

A

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconcious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, nomatter how trivial or embarassing

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6
Q

id

A

a resovoir of unconcious psychic energy that (according to freud) strives to satisfy basic sexual and agressive drives. the id opperates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gradification

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7
Q

ego

A

the partly concious “executive” part of personality that (according to freud) mediates among the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. the ego opperates on the reality principle, satisfying the ids desires in ways that will realitically bring pleasure rather than pain

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8
Q

superego

A

the partly concious part of personality that (according to freud) represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (the concious) and for future asperations

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9
Q

psychosexual stages

A

the childhood stages of developement (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which (according to freud) the ids pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct eroginous zones

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10
Q

oedipus complex

A

according to freud, a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealous and hatred for the rival father (opposit for girls is electra effect)

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11
Q

identificaiton (frued)

A

the process by which, according to freud, children incomperate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

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12
Q

defense mechanisms

A

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconciously distorting reality

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13
Q

repression

A

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from conviousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

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14
Q

collective unconcious

A

carl jung’s concept of a shared inherited resovoir of memory traces from our species’ history

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15
Q

terror-management theory

A

a theory of death-related anxiety. explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

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16
Q

falso consensis effect

A

tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beleifs and behaviors

17
Q

thematic apperception test (TAT)

A

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests though the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

18
Q

projective test

A

a personality test (such as TAT or roschach) that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of peoples inner dynamics

19
Q

humanistic theories

A

theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

20
Q

self–actualization

A

the motivation to fufill ones potential.

according to maslow (hierarchy of needs), one of the ultimate psychological needs that arise after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is acheived.

21
Q

self-trancendance

A

according to maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self

22
Q

trait

A

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

23
Q

unconditional positive reguard

A

a caring, accepting, non-judgemental attitude which carl rodgers believed would help people develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

24
Q

personality inventory

A

a questioneer (often true/false, agree/disagree) on which people respond to items desihned to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors, used to asses selected personality traits

25
Q

MMPI

A

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory.

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still what its best at). this test is now used for many other screening purposes

26
Q

empirically derived test

A

a test (ex. MMPI) created by selecting from a pool of items those that descriminate between groups

27
Q

big five factors that describe personality (aka the five-factor model)

A

openness, concienciousness, extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness

28
Q

social-cognition perspective

A

a view of behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits (including thinking) and their social context

29
Q

reciprical determinism

A

the interacting influences of behavior internal, cognition, and environment

30
Q

3 ways in which individuals and environment react

A
  1. different people choose different environments
  2. our personalities shape how we interpret and react to events
  3. our personalities help create situations to which we react
31
Q

self

A

the organized of our thoughts, feelings, and actions.

in modern psych, assumed to be the center of personality.

32
Q

spotlight effect

A

overestimating other’s noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

33
Q

self-esteem

A

our feelings of high or low self worth

34
Q

self-efficacy

A

our sense of competence and effectiveness

35
Q

self-serving bias

A

a readiness to perceive ourselves favorably

36
Q

narcism

A

exssesive self-love and self-absorption

37
Q

5 reasons people disparage themselves

A
  1. self-directed put downs and sometimes be subtly strategic
  2. self disparaging comments can help you prepare for possible failure
  3. can help us learn from our mistakes
  4. sometimes false humility is actually a humble brag
  5. self disparaging frequently pertains to one’s old self
38
Q

deffensive self-esteem

A

fragile, focus on sustaining itself (failure + critizism feel threatening)

39
Q

secure self-esteem

A

less fragile, less focus on external factors/evaluations

Intro Pych (18 decks)

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