Chapter 16 Flashcards
psychotherapy
treatment involving psychological techniques. consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
biomedical therapy
prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology
eclectic aproach
an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy (psychotherapy + meds)
resistance (in psychoanalysis)
the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
psychoanalysis
sigmund freud’s therapeutic technique. frued believed a patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences (and the analist’s interpretations of them) released previously repressed feelings allowing the patient to gain self-insight
interpretation (in psychoanalysis)
the analyst’s noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
transference (in psychoanalysis)
the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
(ex. love or hate for a parent)
psychodynamic therapy
therapy deriving from psychoanalytic tradition. views individuals as responding to unconcious forces and childhood experiences and seeks to enhance self-insight
insight therapies
therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses
person-centered therapy
a humanistic therapy developed by carl rodgers in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathetic environment to facilitate client’s growth
active listening
empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification. a feature of carl rodger’s person-centered therapy
unconditional positive reguard
a caring, accepting, non-judgemental attitude which carl rodgers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
behavior therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
counterconditioning
behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors
(ex. exposure therapy)
exposure therapies
behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to the thinks they fear and avoid
systematic desensitization
type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. commonly used to treat specific phobias.
virtual reality exposure therapy
a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears
aversive conditioning
associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
(ex. bad tasting nail polish for nail biting people)
token economy
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange these tokens for privileges or treats
cognitive therapy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking. based on the assumption that thought intervene between events and our emotional reactions
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) and behavioral therapy (challenging behaviors)
group therapy
therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals providing benefits from group interaction
family therapy
therapy that treats people in the context of their family systems. views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members
meta-analysis
a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion
evidence-based practice
clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
therapeutic alliance
a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem
psychopharmacology
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
antipsychotic drugs
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders
antianxiety drugs
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
antidepressant drugs
drugs used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD (many are SSRIs)
electroconvulsion therapy (ECT)
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electrical current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient (causing a seizure and in turn a “reset” of the brain)
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain. used to stimulate or supress brain activity.
psychosurgery
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
lobotomy
a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. the procedure consists of cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-control centers of the inner brain
resiliance
the personal strength that helps people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
posttraumatic growth
positive psychological changes following a struggle with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
