Chapter 10

Question 1

inteligence

Answer 1

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 2

general inteligence (g)

Answer 2

according to Spearman and others: general inteligence underlies all mental abilities and is therefor measure by every task on an intelegence test

Question 3

fluid inteligence (Gf)

Answer 3

our ability to reason quickely and abstractly. tends to decrease with age, espeshaly during late adulthood

Question 4

crystallized inteligence (Gc)

Answer 4

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills. tends to increase with age.

Question 5

cattell-horn-caroll (CHC) theory

Answer 5

theory that our intelligence is based on g as well as specific abilities, bridged by Gf and Gc

Question 6

savant syndrome

Answer 6

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability, has an exceptional skill such as computing, drawing, or being able to name the day of the week for any historical event.

Question 7

sternberg’s three intelligences

Answer 7

analytical (academic problem solving), creative intelegence, practical inteligence

Question 8

emotional intelligence

Answer 8

the ability to percieve, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 9

inteligence test

Answer 9

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using newmerical scores

Question 10

acheivement test

Answer 10

test designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 11

aptitude test

Answer 11

test designed to predict a person’s future performance.

aptitude = capacity to learn

Question 12

mental age

Answer 12

a measure of inteligence test performance devised by Binet. the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age

Question 13

standford-binet test

Answer 13

the widely used american version (by Terman at stanford) of Binet’s original inteligence test

Question 14

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 14

defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100. on contemporary inteligence tests, the average performance for a given age is 100

Question 15

Wechsler adult inteligence scale (WAIS)

Answer 15

the WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests. they contain verbal and performance (non-verbal) tests

Question 16

standardization

Answer 16

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Question 17

reliability

Answer 17

the extent to which a test yields consistant results as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of testing, or on retesting.

Question 18

validity

Answer 18

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Question 19

predicted validity

Answer 19

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it was designed to predict. it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

Question 20

cohort

Answer 20

a group of people sharing a common characteristic such as being from a given time period

(ex. a class cohort of the 5th grade)

Question 21

heritability

Answer 21

the proportion of variation among a group of individuals that we can attribute to genes. the heritability of a trait may vary depending on the range of populations and environments studied

Question 22

growth mindset

Answer 22

a focus on learning and growing rather than viewing abilities as fixed

Question 23

steriotype threat

Answer 23

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative steriotype