Chapter 15

Question 1

psychological disorder

Answer 1

a syndrome (collection of symptoms) marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior

Question 2

medical model

Answer 2

the concept that diseases (in this case psych disorders) have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment at a hospital

Question 3

epigenetics

Answer 3

the study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expresion

Question 4

DMS-5

Answer 4

the american psychiatric association’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: 5th edition. a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Question 5

anxiety disorders

Answer 5

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Question 6

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 6

the anxiety disorder in which a person is continuously tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 7

panic disorder

Answer 7

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanied chest pain, chocking, or other frightening sensations. often followed by worry over a possible next attack

Question 8

specific phobia

Answer 8

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistant irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Question 9

obsessive compulsive (OCD)

Answer 9

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both

Question 10

PTSD

Answer 10

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hyper vigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdraw, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4+ weeks after a traumatic experience

Question 11

somatic symptom disorder

Answer 11

a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (body) form without aparent physical cause

Question 12

illness anxiety disorder

Answer 12

disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (hypochondria)

Question 13

bipolar disorder

Answer 13

a group of disorders in which a person alternates the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Question 14

major depressive disorder

Answer 14

a disorder in which the person expereinces (in the absense of drug use or a medical condition) two or more weeks with five or more symptoms at least one of which must be either…

1. depressed mood
   or
2. loss of interest of pleasure

Question 15

mania

Answer 15

a hyperactive wildly optimistic state in which dangerous poor judgement is common

Question 16

rumination

Answer 16

compulsive fretting: overthinking our problems and their causes

Question 17

schizophrenia

Answer 17

disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished and/or inappropriate emotional expression

Question 18

psychotic disorders

Answer 18

a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

Question 19

delusion

Answer 19

a false belief often of persecution or grandeur that may accompany psychotic disorders

Question 20

chronic schizophrenia

Answer 20

a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually apear by late adolecense or young adulthood. as people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

Question 21

acute schizophrenia

Answer 21

form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event, and from which recovery is much more likely (as opposed to chronic schizophrenia)

Question 22

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 22

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant limitations in communication and social interaction and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

Question 23

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 23

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 24

dissacociative disorders

Answer 24

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 25

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 25

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities (formerly multiple personalities disorder)

Question 26

personality disorders

Answer 26

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 27

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 27

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of consciousness for wrongdoing (even towards friends and family members), may be agressive and ruthless or even a con artist

Question 28

anorexia nervosa

Answer 28

an eating disorder in which a person (often an adolescent female) maintains a starvation died despite being significantly underweight and has an inaccurate self-perception. sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise.

Question 29

bulimia nervosa

Answer 29

an eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (often of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior such as vomiting, laxitive use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Question 30

binge-eating disorder

Answer 30

significant binge-eating episodes followed by distress, disgust, or guild but without the compensatory behavior that marks bulimia

Question 31

neurodevelopmental disorder

Answer 31

central nervous system abnormalities (usually in the brain) that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior

Question 32

intelectual disability

Answer 32

a condition of limited mental ability indicated by an inteligence score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life