Chapter 15 Flashcards
psychological disorder
a syndrome (collection of symptoms) marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior
medical model
the concept that diseases (in this case psych disorders) have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment at a hospital
epigenetics
the study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expresion
DMS-5
the american psychiatric association’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: 5th edition. a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
anxiety disorders
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
generalized anxiety disorder
the anxiety disorder in which a person is continuously tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanied chest pain, chocking, or other frightening sensations. often followed by worry over a possible next attack
specific phobia
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistant irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
obsessive compulsive (OCD)
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both
PTSD
a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hyper vigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdraw, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4+ weeks after a traumatic experience
somatic symptom disorder
a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (body) form without aparent physical cause
illness anxiety disorder
disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (hypochondria)
bipolar disorder
a group of disorders in which a person alternates the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
major depressive disorder
a disorder in which the person expereinces (in the absense of drug use or a medical condition) two or more weeks with five or more symptoms at least one of which must be either…
- depressed mood
or - loss of interest of pleasure
mania
a hyperactive wildly optimistic state in which dangerous poor judgement is common
rumination
compulsive fretting: overthinking our problems and their causes
schizophrenia
disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished and/or inappropriate emotional expression
psychotic disorders
a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality
delusion
a false belief often of persecution or grandeur that may accompany psychotic disorders
chronic schizophrenia
a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually apear by late adolecense or young adulthood. as people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten
acute schizophrenia
form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event, and from which recovery is much more likely (as opposed to chronic schizophrenia)
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant limitations in communication and social interaction and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
dissacociative disorders
controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities (formerly multiple personalities disorder)
personality disorders
inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of consciousness for wrongdoing (even towards friends and family members), may be agressive and ruthless or even a con artist
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person (often an adolescent female) maintains a starvation died despite being significantly underweight and has an inaccurate self-perception. sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise.
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (often of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior such as vomiting, laxitive use, fasting, or excessive exercise
binge-eating disorder
significant binge-eating episodes followed by distress, disgust, or guild but without the compensatory behavior that marks bulimia
neurodevelopmental disorder
central nervous system abnormalities (usually in the brain) that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior
intelectual disability
a condition of limited mental ability indicated by an inteligence score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life
