Chapter 4.2 motor development

Question 1

dynamic systems theory

Answer 1

The perspective on motor development that seeks to explain how motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting.

Question 2

reflexes

Answer 2

Built-in reactions to stimuli that govern the newborn’s movements, which are automatic and beyond the newborn’s control.

Question 3

rooting reflex

Answer 3

A newborn’s built-in reaction that occurs when the infant’s cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched. In response, the infant turns his or her head toward the side that was touched, in an apparent effort to find something to suck.

Question 4

sucking reflex

Answer 4

A newborn’s built-in reaction to automatically suck an object placed in its mouth. The sucking reflex enables the infant to get nourishment before he or she has associated a nipple with food and also serves as a self-soothing or self-regulating mechanism.

Question 5

Moro reflex

Answer 5

A neonatal startle response in which the newborn arches its back, throws its head back, flings out its arms and legs, and then pulls its arms and legs close to the center of the body.

Question 6

grasping reflex

Answer 6

A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infant’s palms and the infant responds by grasping tightly.

Question 7

gross motor skills

Answer 7

Motor skills that involve large-muscle activities, such as walking.

Question 8

fine motor skills

Answer 8

Motor skills that involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity.

Question 9

How is a motor skill developed according to the dynamic systems theory?

Answer 9

When infants are motivated to do something, they might create a new motor behavior. The infant actively puts together a skill to achieve a goal within the constraints set by the infant’s body and environment

Question 10

10 motor development skills with months

Answer 10

• lift head- before 1 month
• prone- between 2 to 4 months
• roll over- between 2,5 to 4,5 months
• suppot some weight with legs- 3,5 to 6,5 months
• sit without support- 4,5 to 7,5
• stand with support- 5 to 10 months
• pull self to stand- 6 to 10 months
• walk with using furniture- 7,5 to 12,5
• stand alone easily- close to 10 to close to 14 months
• walk alone easily- 11 to 14 months

Question 11

Palmar grasp

Answer 11

The grip with the whole hand

Question 12

Pincer grip

Answer 12

Thumb and forefinger grip