Chapter 1.1 Flashcards
Development
The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life span. Most development involves growth, although it also includes decline brought on by aging and dying.
life-span perspective
The perspective that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual; involves growth, maintenance, and regulation; and is constructed through biological, sociocultural, and individual factors working together.
What does development is lifelong mean?
No age period dominates development
What is mean with ‘ development is multidimensional?’
No matter what your age might be, your body, mind, emotions and relationships are changing and affecting each other
What is mean with, development is multidirectional?
Throughout life, some dimensions or components of a dimension expand and others shrink
What is mean with development is plastic?
Developmentalists debate how much plasticity people have in various dimensions at different points in their development.
Plasticity means the capacity for change
What is mean with Developmental Science Is Multidisciplinary
Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of development through the life span.
What is mean with Development Is Contextual
All development occurs within a context, or setting. Con- texts include families, schools, peer groups, churches, cities, neighborhoods, university laboratories, countries, and so on. Each of these settings is influenced by historical, economic, social, and cultural factors
What are the 2 contextual influences?
-Normative age-graded influences,
-Normative history-graded influences
-Nonnormative or highly individualized life events.
Normative age-graded influences
Influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group.
normative history-graded influences
Influences that are common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances.
Give an example of age-graded influences
EX: puberty, menopause, beginning formal education, retiring, etc
Give an example of normative history-graded influences
include economic, political, and social upheavals such as the Great Depression in the 1930s, World War II in the 1940s, the civil rights and women’s rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s, the terrorist attacks of 9/11/2001, the integration of computers and cell phones into everyday life during the 1990s,
nonnormative life events
Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual’s life.
Give an example of nonnormative life events
the death of a parent when a child is young, pregnancy in early adolescence, a fire that destroys a home, winning the lottery, or getting an unexpected career opportunity.
What is mean with development Involves Growth, Maintenance, and Regulation of Loss
the mastery of life often involves conflicts and competition among three goals of human development: growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss.
What is mean with development is a co-construction of biology, culture and the individual?
Everything is in connection with each other.
For example, the brain shapes culture, but it is also shaped by culture and the experiences that individuals have or pursue.
culture
The behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation.
cross-cultural studies
Comparison of one culture with one or more other cultures. These provide information about the degree to which development is similar, or universal, across cultures, and the degree to which it is culture-specific.
ethnicity
A characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language.
socioeconomic status (SES)
Refers to the grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.
gender
The characteristics of people as males or females.
social policy
A national government’s course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens.
