6.1 Emotional and personality development

Question 1

emotion

Answer 1

Feeling, or affect, that occurs when a person is in a state or interaction that is important to him or her. Emotion is characterized by behavior that reflects (expresses) the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state a person is in or the transactions being experienced.

Question 2

basic cry

Answer 2

A rhythmic pattern usually consisting of a cry, a briefer silence, a shorter inspiratory whistle that is higher pitched than the main cry, and then a brief rest before the next cry.

Question 3

anger cry

Answer 3

A variation of the basic cry, with more excess air forced through the vocal cords.

Question 4

pain cry

Answer 4

A sudden appearance of a long, initial loud cry without preliminary moaning, followed by breath holding.

Question 5

primary emotions

Answer 5

Emotions that are present in humans and other animals and emerge early in life; examples are joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust.

Question 6

self-conscious emotions

Answer 6

Emotions that require self-awareness, especially consciousness and a sense of “me”; examples include jealousy, empathy, and embarrassment.

Question 7

reflexive smile

Answer 7

A smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli. It happens during the first month after birth, usually during sleep.

Question 8

social smile

Answer 8

A smile in response to an external stimulus, which early in development is typically a face.

Question 9

stranger anxiety

Answer 9

An infant’s fear and wariness of strangers; it tends to appear during the second half of the first year of life.

Question 10

separation protest

Answer 10

An infant’s distressed crying when the caregiver leaves.

Question 11

temperament

Answer 11

Involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding.

Question 12

easy child

Answer 12

A child who is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences.

Question 13

difficult child

Answer 13

A child who tends to react negatively and cry frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change.

Question 14

slow-to-warm-up child

Answer 14

A child who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood.

Question 15

Around what age does separation protest peak?

Answer 15

approximately 7 to 8 months and peaks at about 15 months