Chapter 4 Tour of the Cell

Question 1

What are the basic units?

Answer 1

Length: Meter
Mass: Gram
Volume: Liter
Seconds

Question 2

What are the 3 types of microscopes?

Answer 2

Light Micropscopes
Transmission Electron Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope

Question 3

What are the differences in Microscopy Methods?

Answer 3

Light Microscope: Sample is illuminated by light and magnified by lenses. May be sliced thin enough to allow light through, or can be lighted from above for thick specimens
Transmission Electron Microscope: Sample is bombarded by electrons, and the pattern of electrons that make it to the other side determines the image. Sample must be extremely thin (100nm or less) and appropriately stained to allow electron passage.
Scanning Electron Microscope: Sample is dried and coated by a very thin sheet of metal, then bombarded by electrons.

Question 4

What is the difference between resolving power and magnification?

Answer 4

Resolving power: clarity; separation of objects

Magnification: increase in apparent size of the object (often on micrograph)

Question 5

What are the tenets of cell theory?

Answer 5

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life (irreducible)
All living things are made from cells
All cells come from other cells.

Question 6

What defines the upper and lower limits of cell size?

Answer 6

1. Large enough to contain macromolecules and organelles

2. Small enough to maintain exchange surface (high surface area to volume ration)

Question 7

What is the extracellular matrix? Where is it located?

Answer 7

Sticky coat surrounding animal cells.

Question 8

General function and appearance of the Nucleus?

Answer 8

“Dark” area within nucleus where ribosome components (rRNA + proteins) made

Question 9

General function and appearance of Rough ER?

Answer 9

A series of flattened membrane sacs. Their function is to make membranes and make secretory proteins.

Question 10

Differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 10

Plant and animal cells have most organelles in common except lysosome, cell wall, chloroplasts, and centrioles.

Question 11

Functions and structure of cytoskeleton?

Answer 11

Maintains cell shape when cell wall is absent, anchors and moves organelles, movement of cells, carries physical signals from outside to inside.