Chapter 10 The Structure and Function of DNA Flashcards
Which Base is subsituted in RNA
Thymine is replace by Uracil
What are the four nucleotides found in DNA?
Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine
What is transcription?
The transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule
What is translation?
The transfer of the information from RNA into a polypeptide (protein strand)
What is mRNA?
Messenger RNA. Type of ribonucleic acid that encodes genetic information from DNA and conveys it to ribosomes, where the information is translated into amino acid sequences
What is rRNA?
Ribosomal RNA. The type or ribonucleic acid that together with proteins, makes up ribosomes.
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA. A type of ribonucleic acid that functions as an interpreter in translation. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon, picks up a specific amino acid, and conveys the amino acid to the appropriate condon on the mRNA.
What is a codon?
A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
What are the three different kinds of Mutations that occur?
Deletions, Substitutions, and Insertions
What are base substitutions?
The replacement of one nucleotide and its base-pairing partner with another nucleotide pair. The amino acid substitution may or may not affect the proteins function.
What is nucleotide deletion?
When a nucleotide is deleted, all the codons from that point on are misread. The resulting polypeptide is likely to be completely nonfunctional.
What is nucleotide insertion?
As with a deletion, inserting one nucleotide disrupts all codons that follow, most likely producing a nonfunctional polypeptide.
