Chapter 3 Macromolecules Flashcards
What is an organic compound?
A chemical compound containing the element carbon.
What are hydrocarbons?
Composed of Carbon and Hydrogen Only
What is a carbon skeleton?
The pattern in which the carbon atoms are bonded together in a molecule. The can take a variety of forms: length, arrangement, double bonds, linear, or circular
What is an isomer?
An isomer is a molecule with the same molecular formula as another molecule, but with different chemical structure. Same formula, different structure
What are the functional groups?
Hydroxl Carbonyl Carboxyl Amino Phosphate Methyl
What are the four types of macromolecules?
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
How are polymers made and disassembled within a cell?
Except in most lipids, monomers combine to form polymers through dehydration synthesis. They can be later broken down by hydrolysis.
High Fructose Corn Syrup: Where does it come from and is it dangerous?
Starch that has been hydrolyzed become glucose monomers. The enzymes rearrange to make 55% of monomers fructose isomer. Mixed results regarding the dangerous of using this due to unrealistic studies and panels suggest no systematic differences between consuming HFCS and Sucrose.
What are the 3 types of Lipids?
Triglycerides or Fats
Phospholipids
Steroids
How is a saturated fat different from an unsaturated fat?
Saturated fats have a maximum number of hydrogens and no double bonds. They come from animal sources and are solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated Fats have less than the maximum number of hydrogen, 1+ double bonds; they come from plant sources and are liquid at room temperature.
What are the four levels of protein structure, and how are they held together?
Primary- covalent bonds
Secondary- H Bonds
Tertiary- R-Groups, some H bonds, some others
Quarternary- some H bonds, others
How does protein structure affect function by its folding?
Proteins have 3-Dimensional structure which determines their function. In heat (egg albumin, high salt, or not optimal pH, polypeptide chains denature, losing their shape and their functionality.
What are the types and structures of nucleic acid?
DNA- deoxyribunucleic acid; double helix formation
RNA- ribonucleic acid; single helix formation
Function of DNA and RNA?
DNA determines amino acid sequence and thus structure of proteins.
RNA is an intermediary between DNA and protein in most cases.
