Chapter 4 Terms

Question 1

Categorical imperative

Answer 1

A rule for ethical behavior that asks one to apply the same ethical standard to everyone in any situation

Question 2

Conflict of interest

Answer 2

A situation in which a person or organization has multiple interests at stake in a decision, and motivations from one of those interests may corrupt decisions made about another

Question 3

Consequentialism

Answer 3

The perspective that the ethical quality of an action should be determined by evaluating its consequences

Question 4

Deontology

Answer 4

The perspective that ethical action can be discovered by examining the act itself and identifying and acting upon one’s obligations and duties

Question 5

Ethics

Answer 5

The general and systematic study of what ought to be the grounds and principles for right and wrong human behavior

Question 6

Global plagiarism

Answer 6

Taking another person’s work in full and representing it as your own while making little or no change to the material

Question 7

Incremental plagiarism

Answer 7

Failing to properly attribute a specific piece of information to its source, including faulty paraphrasing

Question 8

Multiple submissions

Answer 8

Submitting the same work for more than one class

Question 9

Negligence

Answer 9

Failure to exercise sufficient care to protect others from the foreseeable risk of harm caused by one’s actions

Question 10

Patchwork plagiarism

Answer 10

Combining information from several different sources to create your work and either failing to properly cite them all or failing to add your own original contribution

Question 11

Plagiarism

Answer 11

Falsely representing any material obtained from another source as your own work

Question 12

Postmodern ethics

Answer 12

The ethical perspective that states the best way to act is to consider the context of the action and how the action will affect the relationships between those involved

Question 13

Responsibility

Answer 13

In postmodern ethics, the obligation to respond to the actions of others

Question 14

Rhetorical sensitivity

Answer 14

An audience-centered approach to communication in which other perspectives are taken into account

Question 15

Self-interest

Answer 15

Considering the benefits or consequences of an action for oneself first, and for others second

Question 16

Utilitarianism

Answer 16

The consequentialist principle that one should choose the course of action that creates the most good for the greatest number of people

Question 17

Virtue ethics

Answer 17

The perspective that the ethical quality of an action is determined by the intentions and virtue of the actor