Chapter 14 Terms

Question 1

causal reasoning

Answer 1

assumes that the one event influences or controls other events

Question 2

causal relationship

Answer 2

arising from a cause

Question 3

connotative meaning

Answer 3

suggestive or indirect meaning

Question 4

deductive reasoning

Answer 4

the deriving of a conclusion by reasoning; inference in which the conclusion about particulars follows necessarily from general or universal premises; conclusion reached by logical deduction

Question 5

denotative meaning

Answer 5

standard or literal meaning

Question 6

emotive terms

Answer 6

relating to emotions

Question 7

evidence

Answer 7

an outward sign or something that furnishes proof

Question 8

explanation

Answer 8

something that is made plain and understandable

Question 9

fallacies

Answer 9

an often plausible argument using false or invalid inference; a false or mistaken idea

Question 10

generalization

Answer 10

a general statement, law, principle, or proposition; the act or process whereby a response is made to a stimulus similar to but not identical with a reference stimulus

Question 11

inference

Answer 11

the act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgment considered as true to another whose trust is believed to follow from that of the former; the act of passing from statistical sample data to generalizations

Question 12

probative value

Answer 12

serving to prove something or test it

Question 13

tautological reasoning

Answer 13

needless repetition of an idea or statement

Question 14

testimony

Answer 14

firsthand authentication of a fact or evidence