chapter 4-perceiving and recognizing objects

Question 1

extrastriate cortex

Answer 1

region of cortex bordering the primary visual cortex; V2, V3, V4

Question 2

what comes after extrastriate cortex

Answer 2

where and what pathways

Question 3

where pathway

Answer 3

locations and movement of objects; motion/direction, depth sensitive

Question 4

where pathway location

Answer 4

dorsal, parietal, MT/MST

Question 5

what pathway

Answer 5

names and functions of objects; specialized areas that respond best to different types of objects; object recognition

Question 6

what pathway location

Answer 6

ventral, temporal, IT

Question 7

perception processing is what pathway

Answer 7

ventral, what

Question 8

action processing is what pathway

Answer 8

dorsal, where

Question 9

double dissociation

Answer 9

two related mental processes can function independently of each other; damage to one does not affect the other

Question 10

ventral stream damage

Answer 10

no perception, visual form agnosia

Question 11

dorsal stream damage

Answer 11

no action, optic ataxia

Question 12

what imaging technique can be used to find brain areas that do more of one thing than another

Answer 12

fMRI

Question 13

MT/medial temporal function

Answer 13

motion processing (dorsal)

Question 14

FFA/fusiform face area

Answer 14

faces (ventral)

Question 15

EBA/extrastriate body area

Answer 15

responds well to body parts that aren’t the face (ventral)

Question 16

PPA/parahippocampal place area

Answer 16

mix location and functionality, processing scenes and places (houses)

Question 17

what process helps with rapid object recognition; little feedback from higher brain areas

Answer 17

feed-forward process

Question 18

feed-forward process

Answer 18

carries out a computation one neural step after another, without feedback from higher areas to lower ones

Question 19

what imaging technique is used for the feed-forward process

Answer 19

EEG, ERP

Question 20

global superiority effect

Answer 20

properties of the whole object take precedence over the properties of parts of the object; large scale properties, overall shape

Question 21

lower vision

Answer 21

detection of basic features (spots and bars); retinal starting point –> LGN –> V1

Question 22

middle vision

Answer 22

loosely defined stage of visual processing that deals with perception of edges and surfaces, determines which regions of an image should be grouped together into objects; V2, V3

Question 23

upper vision

Answer 23

perception of objects; IT

Question 24

receptive fields in extrastriate areas are more ___ than the striate cortex

Answer 24

sophisticated

Question 25

extrastriate receptive fields respond to

Answer 25

visual properties important for perceiving objects; boundary ownership and illusory contours

Question 26

similarity

Answer 26

items with similar properties tend to group

Question 27

proximity

Answer 27

items that are near each other tend to group

Question 28

texture segmentation

Answer 28

carving an image into regions of common texture properties

Question 29

good continuation

Answer 29

two elements will tend to group together if they lie on the same contour

Question 30

occlusion

Answer 30

visual system blocked, cant see all of the object

Question 31

reliability

Answer 31

the degree to which two line segments appear to be part of the same contour

Question 32

T junctions

Answer 32

occlusion of one object from another

Question 33

arrow and Y junctions

Answer 33

indicate corners within an object

Question 34

generic

Answer 34

assumed to be typical or widely representative

Question 35

accidental

Answer 35

specific/unusual, doesnt generalize; hiding or losing info about object

Question 36

dealing with occlusion; preference for ___ views

Answer 36

generic

Question 37

nonaccidental feature

Answer 37

feature of an object that is not dependent on the exact (accidental) viewpoint

Question 38

recognition by components model

Answer 38

biederman's model of object recognition, objects are recognized by the identities and relationships of their component parts

Question 39

geons

Answer 39

geometric ions out of which objects are made

Question 40

recognition by components model is viewpoint ___

Answer 40

invariant

Question 41

viewpoint invariant

Answer 41

recognize object no matter what angle

Question 42

the father an object is rotated from a learned view, the ___ it takes to recognize

Answer 42

longer; visual system not necessarily viewpoint invariant

Question 43

prosopagnosia

Answer 43

inability to recognize faces; right hemisphere damage (FFA)