chapter 13-touch

Question 1

somatosensation

Answer 1

collective term for sensory signals from the body; external

Question 2

kinesthesis

Answer 2

the perception of the position and movement of our limbs in space; internal

Question 3

proprioception

Answer 3

perception mediated by kinesthetic and vestibular receptors; internal

Question 4

touch receptors

Answer 4

embedded in outer layer and underlying layer of skin

Question 5

epidermis

Answer 5

outer layer of skin

Question 6

dermis

Answer 6

underlying layer of skin; nutritive and connective tissues, within which lie the mechanoreceptors

Question 7

SA receptors

Answer 7

slow adapting

Question 8

FA

Answer 8

fast adapting

Question 9

SA I receptor

Answer 9

slow adaption, small receptive field; texture perception, pattern/form

Question 10

SA II receptor

Answer 10

slow adaption, large receptive field; finger position

Question 11

FA I receptor

Answer 11

fast adaptation, small receptive field; meissner corpuscle; low-frequency vibration detection, stable grasp

Question 12

FA II receptor

Answer 12

fast adaptation, large receptive field; pacinian corpuscle; high-frequency vibration detection, fine texture perception

Question 13

kinesthetic receptors

Answer 13

mechanoreceptors in muscles, tendons and joints; stretched and pulled to get response

Question 14

kinesthetic receptors play important role in what

Answer 14

sense of where limbs are, what kinds of movements are made

Question 15

muscle spindle

Answer 15

sensory receptor located in a muscle that senses its tension

Question 16

importance of kinesthetic receptors from case of who

Answer 16

ian waterman

Question 17

thermoreceptors

Answer 17

sensory receptors that signal information about changes in skin temperature; warmth and cold fibers

Question 18

nociceptors

Answer 18

sensory receptors that transmit information about noxious stimulation that could damage skin

Question 19

what are the three types of nociceptors

Answer 19

extreme heat/cold, split/slice/tear, chemical–free nerve endings

Question 20

spinothalamic pathway

Answer 20

carries most of the information about skin temperature and pain (slower); free nerve endings; unmeyelinated

Question 21

dorsal column-medial lemniscal (DCML)

Answer 21

carries signals from skin, muscles, tendons, and joints (fast); mechanoreceptors; myelinated

Question 22

phantom limb

Answer 22

sensation perceived from a physically amputated limb of the body; parts of brain listening to missing limbs not fully aware of altered connections, so they attribute activity in these ares to stimulation from missing limb

Question 23

touch sensations are represented how in the brain

Answer 23

somatotopically

Question 24

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 24

S1, parietal lobe

Question 25

homunculus

Answer 25

maplike representation of regions of the body in the brain; adjacent areas on skin connect to adjacent areas in brain

Question 26

cortical magnification

Answer 26

some body parts (hands, lips) occupy a much greater cortical area than others (torso) even though they are physically smaller

Question 27

von Frey esthesiometer

Answer 27

filaments of varying diameter; face is most sensitive, lower extremities less sensitive

Question 28

two point threshold

Answer 28

minimum distance at which two stimuli are just perceptible as separate; extremities (fingertips, face, toes) show highest acuity

Question 29

haptic perception

Answer 29

knowledge of the world, such as the properties of objects that is derived from sensory receptors in skin, muscles, tendons and joints; touch and kinestesis=end result; 96% correct identification

Question 30

fMRI research for haptic perception

Answer 30

ventral (what) and dorsal (where) regions

Question 31

nerve endings for SA I

Answer 31

merkel cells

Question 32

nerve endings for SA II

Answer 32

ruffini ending

Question 33

nerve endings for FA I

Answer 33

meissner corpuscle

Question 34

nerve endings for FA II

Answer 34

Pacinian corpuscle