chapter 3-spatial visoin: from spots to stripes

Question 1

initial processing occurs in the

Answer 1

retina

Question 2

thalamus

Answer 2

sensory stop over

Question 3

LGN

Answer 3

visual processing

Question 4

pathway

Answer 4

ganglion cells send AP to LGN which go onto primary visual cortex (V1)

Question 5

spatial frequency

Answer 5

affected by number of stripes, in relation to viewing distance, width of stripes in viewing angle

Question 6

more of the retina ___ spatial frequency

Answer 6

lower

Question 7

less of the retina ___ spatial frequency

Answer 7

higher

Question 8

contrast

Answer 8

affect how visible

Question 9

phase position

Answer 9

alignment with receptive field, position

Question 10

orientation

Answer 10

angle of the grating. vertical, horizontal

Question 11

contrast sensitivity function

Answer 11

visibility of a pattern as a function of spatial frequency and contrast

Question 12

what spatial frequencies are best

Answer 12

mid

Question 13

visibility drops off faster with age for ___ spatial frequency than ___ spatial frequencry

Answer 13

high, low

Question 14

photoreceptors and stripes

Answer 14

light falls on photoreceptors, represent grating

Question 15

band pass graph

Answer 15

receptive fields, middle is best

Question 16

low pass

Answer 16

lowest is visible

Question 17

high pass

Answer 17

highest is visible

Question 18

retinal ganglion cells

Answer 18

response of a ganglion cell to gratings of different frequencies

Question 19

how ___ lines up in receptive field predicts response strength

Answer 19

light

Question 20

phase

Answer 20

phase of a grating relates to its position within a receptive field

Question 21

ganglion cells respond best when

Answer 21

spatial frequency aligned with receptive fields

Question 22

neurons with small receptive fields responds to ___ spatial frequencies

Answer 22

high

Question 23

neurons with large receptive fields respond to ___ spatial frequencies

Answer 23

low

Question 24

receptive field of ganglion cells

Answer 24

circular

Question 25

receptive field of LGN

Answer 25

mostly circular

Question 26

v1 and above

Answer 26

mostly elongated

Question 27

visual resolution declines in an orderly fashion with distance from

Answer 27

fovea

Question 28

parvocellular layer of LGN

Answer 28

small cell bodies, p gang cell; small receptive field, good for form/detail, high spatial resolution

Question 29

magnocellular layer of LGN

Answer 29

large cell bodies, m gang cells; large receptive field, good for motion/temporal resolution

Question 30

topographical mapping

Answer 30

orderly positions of projections, retinotopic mapping, position on the retina

Question 31

strabismus

Answer 31

misalignement of the two eyes, treatable with eye patch or surgery

Question 32

receptive fields in striate cortex respond best to

Answer 32

bars of light

Question 33

simple cells

Answer 33

respond to bar of light or dark, RF phase sensitive; clearly defined inhibitory and excitatory receptive fields

Question 34

complex cells

Answer 34

some cells respond to both bars of light and dark, phase insensitive; no clearly defined inhibitory and excitatory fields; not phase sensitive

Question 35

orientation tuning

Answer 35

tendency of neurons in striate cortex to respond most to bars of certain orientation; response rate falls off with angular difference

Question 36

adaptation

Answer 36

reduction in response caused by prior or continuing stimulation; brain adapts to stimulus and responds less

Question 37

tilt aftereffect

Answer 37

the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by adapting to a pattern of a given orientation

Question 38

tilt aftereffect supports what idea

Answer 38

that visual system contains individual neurons selective for different orientations