Chapter 4- Body Structure and Organization Flashcards
______ tissue is able to contract and expand allowing the body to move.
muscle
The fibrous substance that holds and connects body parts together is _____ tissue. Examples are bones, ligaments, and tendons
connective
Any group of _____ that work together to perform a single function is ______. The body has _____ types of tissue
cells; tissue; four
Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord from all parts of the body is _____ tissue.
nerve
_____ tissue covers the internal and external body surfaces. Skin and internal organs (such as the intestines) are also _____ tissue.
epithelial
groups of organs that work together to perform one of the body’s major functions form a _____.
system
The _____ system consists of the skin and the accessory structure derived from it (hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands).
integumentary
The system that support the body; protects organs; provides body movement; and includes muscles, bones, and cartilage is the _____ system.
musculoskeletal
the body system that includes the lungs and airways and performs breathing is the _____ system.
respiratory
The _____ system regulates most body activities and sends and receives messages from the sensory organs. This system consists of the ______, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
nervous; brain
The system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra is the _____ system. It eliminates metabolic waste, helps to maintain acid-base and water-salt balance, and helps regulate blood pressure.
urinary
The system that controls reproduction and heredity and is either male or female is the ______ system
reproductive
the _____ system includes blood and all its components
blood
the _____ and _____ system includes the lymph, the glands and vessels of the _____ system and the nonspecific and specific defense ______ system.
lymphatic; immune
The system that includes the glands that secrete the hormones that regulate many of the body’s activities is the _____ system.
endocrine
the ______ system covers the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems that are involved in the reactions of the five senses
sensory
the body has two main cavities (spaces): the _____ and the _____ cavities.
dorsal; ventral
the dorsal cavity, on the _____side of the body, is divided into the _____ cavity, which holds the brain, and the _____ cavity, which holds the spinal cord.
back; cranial; spinal
The ventral cavity, on the _____side of the body, is divided into the _____cavity, which holds the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, and the _____ cavity, which holds the organs of the digestive and urinary systems.
front; thoracic; abdominal
The _____ is the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
diaphragm
The bottom portion of the abdominal cavity is called the _____ cavity, which contains the reproductive system.
pelvic
anter/o
near or toward the front side, ventral
poster/o
near or toward the back side, behind, dorsal
ventr/o
near or toward the front side
dors/o
near or toward the back side
medi/o
middle
super/o
above
infer/o
below
proxim/o
near or at point of attachment
dist/o
far or away from point of attachment
The largest divisions of the body are the front side, referred to as _____ or _____, and the back side, referred to as _____ or _____.
anterior; ventral; posterior; dorsal
_____ means below another structure, while ______ means above another structure.
inferior; superior
_____ means to the side, as the eyes are to the nose. _____ means middle, as the nose is to the eyes.
lateral; medial
Through or away from the surface _____; at or near the surface is ______.
deep; superficial
Near the point of attachment to the trunk is _____. For example, the end of the thigh bone joins the hip bone.
proximal
away from the point of attachment to the trunk is _____. For example, the _____ end of the thigh bone forms the knee.
distal
for examination purposes, patients are either lying on their spine facing upward (_____) or lying on their abdomen with their face down(_____).
supine; prone
the imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior postiions is the ______ or ______ plane.
frontal; coronal
the ______ plane is the imaginary line that divides the body into equal right and left halves.
midsagittal
the imaginary line that intersects the body horizontialy and divides the body into upper and liver sections is the _____ plane.
transverse
the ____ or ____ plane is parallel to the medial plane and divides the body into left and right sections
sagittal; lateral
the area of the abdomen that contains parts of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestinal tract is the _____.
righ upper quadrant
the _____ is the abdominal area that contains parts of the intestines and parts of reproductive organs in females.
left lower quadrant
the area of the abdomen that contains the stomach, spleen, and parts of the liver, pancreas, and intestines is the _____.
left upper quadrant
the _____ is the abdominal area that contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, and parts of the reproductive organs in females.
right lower quadrant
the left and right regions of the body in the back and sides between the lowest ribs and the pelvis are the _____ regions
lumbar
the _____ or _____ regions are the two regions near the upper protions of the hip bone
iliac; inguinal
the area above the stomach is the _____ region.
epigastric
the area just below the umbilical region is the _____ region
hypogastric
the area surrounding the navel is the ______ region.
umbilical
the two regions just below the cartilage of the ribs, immediately over the abdomen, are the _____ regions.
hypochondriac
LUQ
left upper quadrant
LLQ
left lower quadrant
RLQ
right lower quadrant
RUQ
right upper quadrant
lat
lateral
AP
anteroposterior (from front to back)
