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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4- Body Structure and Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Body Structure and Organization Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

______ tissue is able to contract and expand allowing the body to move.

A

muscle

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2
Q

The fibrous substance that holds and connects body parts together is _____ tissue. Examples are bones, ligaments, and tendons

A

connective

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3
Q

Any group of _____ that work together to perform a single function is ______. The body has _____ types of tissue

A

cells; tissue; four

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4
Q

Tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord from all parts of the body is _____ tissue.

A

nerve

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5
Q

_____ tissue covers the internal and external body surfaces. Skin and internal organs (such as the intestines) are also _____ tissue.

A

epithelial

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6
Q

groups of organs that work together to perform one of the body’s major functions form a _____.

A

system

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7
Q

The _____ system consists of the skin and the accessory structure derived from it (hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands).

A

integumentary

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8
Q

The system that support the body; protects organs; provides body movement; and includes muscles, bones, and cartilage is the _____ system.

A

musculoskeletal

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9
Q

the body system that includes the lungs and airways and performs breathing is the _____ system.

A

respiratory

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10
Q

The _____ system regulates most body activities and sends and receives messages from the sensory organs. This system consists of the ______, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

A

nervous; brain

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11
Q

The system that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra is the _____ system. It eliminates metabolic waste, helps to maintain acid-base and water-salt balance, and helps regulate blood pressure.

A

urinary

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12
Q

The system that controls reproduction and heredity and is either male or female is the ______ system

A

reproductive

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13
Q

the _____ system includes blood and all its components

A

blood

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14
Q

the _____ and _____ system includes the lymph, the glands and vessels of the _____ system and the nonspecific and specific defense ______ system.

A

lymphatic; immune

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15
Q

The system that includes the glands that secrete the hormones that regulate many of the body’s activities is the _____ system.

A

endocrine

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16
Q

the ______ system covers the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems that are involved in the reactions of the five senses

A

sensory

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17
Q

the body has two main cavities (spaces): the _____ and the _____ cavities.

A

dorsal; ventral

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18
Q

the dorsal cavity, on the _____side of the body, is divided into the _____ cavity, which holds the brain, and the _____ cavity, which holds the spinal cord.

A

back; cranial; spinal

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19
Q

The ventral cavity, on the _____side of the body, is divided into the _____cavity, which holds the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, and the _____ cavity, which holds the organs of the digestive and urinary systems.

A

front; thoracic; abdominal

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20
Q

The _____ is the muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

A

diaphragm

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21
Q

The bottom portion of the abdominal cavity is called the _____ cavity, which contains the reproductive system.

A

pelvic

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22
Q

anter/o

A

near or toward the front side, ventral

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23
Q

poster/o

A

near or toward the back side, behind, dorsal

24
Q

ventr/o

A

near or toward the front side

24
Q

dors/o

A

near or toward the back side

24
Q

medi/o

A

middle

25
Q

super/o

A

above

26
Q

infer/o

A

below

27
Q

proxim/o

A

near or at point of attachment

28
Q

dist/o

A

far or away from point of attachment

29
Q

The largest divisions of the body are the front side, referred to as _____ or _____, and the back side, referred to as _____ or _____.

A

anterior; ventral; posterior; dorsal

30
Q

_____ means below another structure, while ______ means above another structure.

A

inferior; superior

31
Q

_____ means to the side, as the eyes are to the nose. _____ means middle, as the nose is to the eyes.

A

lateral; medial

32
Q

Through or away from the surface _____; at or near the surface is ______.

A

deep; superficial

33
Q

Near the point of attachment to the trunk is _____. For example, the end of the thigh bone joins the hip bone.

A

proximal

34
Q

away from the point of attachment to the trunk is _____. For example, the _____ end of the thigh bone forms the knee.

A

distal

35
Q

for examination purposes, patients are either lying on their spine facing upward (_____) or lying on their abdomen with their face down(_____).

A

supine; prone

36
Q

the imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior postiions is the ______ or ______ plane.

A

frontal; coronal

37
Q

the ______ plane is the imaginary line that divides the body into equal right and left halves.

A

midsagittal

38
Q

the imaginary line that intersects the body horizontialy and divides the body into upper and liver sections is the _____ plane.

A

transverse

39
Q

the ____ or ____ plane is parallel to the medial plane and divides the body into left and right sections

A

sagittal; lateral

40
Q

the area of the abdomen that contains parts of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestinal tract is the _____.

A

righ upper quadrant

41
Q

the _____ is the abdominal area that contains parts of the intestines and parts of reproductive organs in females.

A

left lower quadrant

42
Q

the area of the abdomen that contains the stomach, spleen, and parts of the liver, pancreas, and intestines is the _____.

A

left upper quadrant

43
Q

the _____ is the abdominal area that contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, and parts of the reproductive organs in females.

A

right lower quadrant

44
Q

the left and right regions of the body in the back and sides between the lowest ribs and the pelvis are the _____ regions

A

lumbar

45
Q

the _____ or _____ regions are the two regions near the upper protions of the hip bone

A

iliac; inguinal

46
Q

the area above the stomach is the _____ region.

A

epigastric

47
Q

the area just below the umbilical region is the _____ region

A

hypogastric

48
Q

the area surrounding the navel is the ______ region.

A

umbilical

49
Q

the two regions just below the cartilage of the ribs, immediately over the abdomen, are the _____ regions.

A

hypochondriac

50
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

50
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

51
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

52
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

53
Q

lat

A

lateral

54
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior (from front to back)

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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