Chapter 16: Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System Flashcards
the male sex cells, or _____ (plural, _____) or ______, is produced in the male gonads, or _____ (singular testis).
spermatozoon; spermatozoa; sperm; testes
the testes are also called ______ and are contained within the _____, a sac outside the body.
testicles; scrotum
the development of sperm (______) takes place in the scrotum, where the temperature is lower than inside the body.
spermatogenesis
Between the seminiferous tubules lie endocrine cells that produce _____, the most important male hormone.
testosterone
at the top part of each testis is the ______, a group of ducts for storing sperm.
epididymis
they leave the epididymis and enter a narrow tube called the ____ ____.
vas deferens
the sperm then travel to the seminal vesicles (which secrete material to help the sperm move) and to the ejaculatory duct leading to the _____ _____ and the urethra.
prostate gland
the prostate gland also secretes prostatic fluid, which provides a milky color to _____ (a mixture of sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles, Cowper’s glands, and prostate), and helps the sperm move.
semen
just below the prostate are the two _____ _____ (_____ _____) that also secrete a fluid that neutralizes the acidity of the male urethra prior to ejaculation.
bulbourethral glands; Cowper’s glands
the urethra passes through the _____ to the outside of the body.
penis
the tip of the penis is called the ____ ____.
glans penis
between the penis and the anus is the area called the _____.
perineum
a sensitive area covered by the _____ (prepuce).
foreskin
the spermatozoon is a microscopic cell, much smaller than an ovum. It has a head region that carries genetic material (chromosomes) and a tail (____) that propels the sperm forward.
flagellum
during _____, hundreds of million of sperm forward.
ejaculation
andr/o
men
balan/o
glans penis
epididym/o
epididymis
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o
testes
prostat/o
prostate gland
scrot/o
scrotum
semin/o
semen
serm/o, spermat/o
sperm
vas/o
vessel; ductus deferens
inflammation of the testis is _____itis.
orch-
any disease peculiar to men to _____pathy.
andro-
sperm production is _____genesis.
spermato-
inflammation of the glans penis is _____itis.
balan-
_____plasty is surgical repair of the epididymis.
epididymo-
_____itis is inflammation of the prostate.
prostat-
a medical checkup for males usually includes a ____-____ ____(PSA) ____, a blood test to screen for abnormal prostatic growth, which can be associated with prostate cancer.
prostate-specific antigen test
if a couple is having fertility problems, a ____ ____ is done to determine the quantity and quality of the male partner’s sperm.
semen analysis
x-ray or imaging procedures are used to further test for abnormalities or blockages. A _____ is an x-ray of the urethra and prostate.
urethrogram
swelling of the breast tissue in males is _____. It may be caused by an imbalance of hormones, medications, and liver disease.
gynecomastia
birth or developmental defects affect the functioning of the reproductive system. An undescending testicle (_____ or _____) means that the normal descending of the testicle into the scrotal sac does not take place during gestation and requires surgery to place it properly.
cryptorchism; cryptorchidism
_____ or _____ is the lack of one or both testes.
anorchism; anorchia
a _____ is a painless fluid-filled sac around one or both testicles that causes the scrotum to swell.
hydrocele
_____ is an abnormal opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis.
hypospadias
_____ is an abnormal opening on the top side of the penis.
epispadias
the birth defect _____ is an abnormal narrowing of the foreskin over the glans penis (only in uncircumcised males)
phimosis
as the male matures, infections and various other medical conditions may cause ______, an inability to produce enough viable sperm to fertilize an ovum or an inability to deliver sperm to the proper location in the vagina.
infertility
_____ is the inability to produce sperm
aspermia
______ is semen without living sperm
azoospermia
_____ is the scanty production of sperm.
oligospermia
medical or psychological conditions may cause _____ (penile erectile dysfunction) inability to maintain an erection for ejaculation
impotence
_____ is a persistent, painful erection, usually related to other medical conditions.
priapism
_____, abnormal protrusion of part of a tissue or organ out of its normal space through a barrier, may occur in the male reproductive system.
hernia
a _____ is a group of herniated veins near the testes.
varicocele
various inflammation occur in the male reproductive system. _____ is any inflammation of the prostate.
prostatitis
_____ is an inflammation of the glans penis
balanitis
_____ is an inflammation of the epididymis.
epididymitis
benign prostatic hyperplasia
BPH
erectile dysfunction
follicle-stimulating hormones
human papillomavirus
HPV
luteinizing hormone
LH
sexually transmitted infection
STI
transurethral resection
TUR
transurethral resection of the prostate
TURP
the most common surgery of the male reproductive system is _____, the removal of the foreskin or prepuce.
circumcision
various operations to remove cancerous or infected parts of the reproductive system are an _____, removal of an epididymis.
epididymectomy
an _____ or ______, removal of one or both testicles
orchiectomy; orchidectomy
a _____, removal of the prostate gland, which may be done through the perineum or above the pubic bone.
prostatectomy
_____ (TURP) is the removal of a portion of the prostate through the urethra.
transurethral resection of the prostate
_____ is the removal of the part of the vas deferens as a method of birth control.
vasectomy
a _____ is the reversing of a vasectomy so the male regains fertility.
vasovasostomy
_____ is the surgical removal of both testicles in the male or a bilateral orchiectomy.
castration
