Chapter 12: Structure and Function of the Respiratory System Flashcards
adenoid/o
adenoid
alveol/o
alveolus
bronch/o. bronchi/o
bronchus
capn/o
carbon dioxide
epiglott/o
epiglottis
laryng/o
larynx
lob/o
lobe of the lung
mediastin/o
mediastinum
nas/o
nose
or/o
mouth
ox/o, oxi-, oxy-
oxygen
pharyng/o
pharynx
phon/o
voice, sound
phren/o
diaphragm
pleur/o
pleura
pneum/o, pneumon/o
air, lung
rhin/o
nose
sir/o
breathing
steth/o
chest
thorac/o
thorax, chest
tonsill/o
tonsils
trache/o
trachea
the _____ ______ is the body’s breathing system.
respiratory system
_____ ______, breathing or exchanging air between the body and the outside environment.
external respiration
_____ _______, the bringing of oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide from then, happens in the circulation of blood throughout the body.
internal resperation
_____ is the organs where oxygenation of blood takes place
lungs
the ______ ______ is the passageways through air moves in and out of the lungs
respiratory tract
what is the respiratory tract also known as? the _____
airway
the ______ is the route through which air enters the lungs and the route via which air exits the body.
airway
_____ (breathing in or ______) brings air from the outside environment into the _____ or mouth.
inspiration; inhalation; nose
what are the three functions of the nose
to warm, filter, and moisten the air
the ______ (also called the ______) are the two external openings at the base of the external portion of the nose.
nostrils; external nares
the external nose is supported by the nasal bones and is divided into two halves by the _____ _____, a strip of cartilage.
nasal septum
after air enters the nose, it passes into the _____ ______, where it is warmed by blood in the mucous membranes that line these areas.
nasal cavity
_____ (hairs) in the nasal cavity filter out foreign bodies.
cilia
the air reaches the _____ ( ______), which is a passageway for both air and food.
pharynx; throat
the _____ lies above the _____ ______, which is a flexible muscular sheet that seperates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx.
nasopharynx; soft palate
the nasopharynx known as the ______ _______, more commonly known as the _____, which aid in the body’s immune defense.
pharyngeal tonsils; adenoids
______, the back portion of the mouth. It contains the _____ ______, lymphatic tissue that works as part of the immune system.The part of the mouth triggers swallowing.
otopharynx; palatine tonsils
_____ is the post that the respiratory tract divides into the esophagus, the passageway for food and the _____ or ____ ____, through which air passes through the _____ or ______
laryngopharynx; larynx; voice box; trachea; windpipe
food is prevented from going into the larynx by the ______, a loving flap of cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx (called the _____) every time one swallows.
epiglottis; glottis
the larynx contains _____ ______, strip of epithelial tissue that vibrates when muscular tension is applied.
vocal cords
the larynx is supported by various cartilaginous structures, one of which consists of two disksjoined at an angle to form the _____ ______ or _______ ______ (larger in males than females)
thyroid cartilage; adam’s apple
the ______ is a cartilagnious and membranous tube that connects the larynx to the righ and left _____ (plural of _____), the tubular branches into which the larynx divides.
trachea; bronchi; bronchus
the point at which the trachea divides is called the _____, a general term for a median area, especially one with a _____, or cartilaginous division.
mediastinum; septum
air that is pushed out of the lungs travels up through the respiratory tract during _____ (breathing out or ______), where it is expelled into the environment.
expiration; exhalation
the bronchi further divide into many smaller branches called _____.
bronchioles
each air sac is called an ______ (plural, _____).
alveolus; alveoli
the lungs take up most of the thoracic cavity (or _____), reaching from the collarbone to the diaphragm.
thorax
the outside of the lungs has a moist, double layer of membrane called the _____ (plural, _____).
pleura; pleurae
the outer layer, the ______ ______, lines the thoracic cavity, the inside of the ribs.
parietal pleura
the inner layer, the _____ ______, covers the surface of the lungs.
visceral pleura
the space between the two pleura is called the _____ ______.
pleural cavity
each lung has an _____, or topmost section, along with a middle area called the _____ or ______, and a lower section called the _____.
apex; hilum; hilus; base
the larger lung is divided into three lobes: a _____ _____, a _____ _____, and an _____ ______.
superior lobe; middle lobe; inferior lobe
the left lung is divided into a _____ and an ______.
superior; inferior
the three major muscles that contract are the ______ and the _____ ______ (the muscles between the ribs).
diaphragm; intercostal muscles
inflammation of the epiglottis is _____itis
epiglott-
a ______meter is an instrument for measuring sounds.
phono-
______itis is inflammation of the nose.
rhin-
an operation for removal of adenoid growths is an _____ectomy.
adenoid-
_____itis is inflammation of the pleura.
pleur-
a _____gram is a continuous recording of the carbon dioxide in expired air.
capno-
relating to the nasal passages and the stomach is ______gastric.
naso-
_____ectomy is removal of one entire tonsil or of both tonsils.
tonsill-
inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes is ______itis.
bronch-
_____lith is calculus in the lungs.
pneumo-
the part of the pharynx that lies behind the mouth is the ______pharynx.
oro-
______scopy is inspection of the interior of the trachea.
tracheo-
inflammation of the tissue of the mediastinum is ______itis.
mediastin-
_____itis is inflammation of the alveoli.
alveol-
an instrument used to listen to sounds in the chest is a _____scope
stetho-
removal of a lung lobe is a _____ectomy.
lob-
inflammation of the lungs is ______itis.
pneumon-
______itis is inflammation of the diaphragm.
phren-
a device used to examine the larynx through the mouth is a ______scope.
laryngo-
a ______meter is an instrument used to measure respiratory gas.
spiro-
inflammation of the bronchioles is _____itis.
bronchiol-
an instrument for measuring oxygen saturation of blood is an _____meter.
oxi-
_____tomy is an incision into the chest wall.
thoraco-
_____itis is inflammation in the pharynx.
pharyng-
a physicial listens to the lungs with a stethoscope, a process called _____.
auscultation
the physician may use _____, tapping over the lung area, to see if the lungs are clear (a hollow sound) or filled with fluid (a dull sound).
percussion
____ ____ ____ measure the mechanics of breathing.
pulmonary function tests
breathing may be tested by a ____ ____ ____.
peak flow meter
a _____ is a machine that tests pulmonary function by measuring the lungs’ volume and capacity (spirometry).
spirometer
_____ is a disease of the respiratory system.
tuberculosis
a _____ provides a radiological picture of the trachea and bronchi.
bronchography
a _____ ______ is an x-ray of the blood vessels of the lungs taken after dye is injected into a blood vessel.
pulmonary angiography
a lung scan or _____/______(V/Q) scan is a recording of radioactive material, injected or inhaled, to show air flow and blood suppy in the lungs.
ventilation; perfusion
_____ _____ are commonly used to diagnose streptococcal infections.
throat cultures
a _____ ______ or ____ ____ may be taken and cultured to identify any disease-causing organisms.
sputum sample; sputum culture
____ ____ ____ (ABGs) measure the levels of pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma of arterial blood.
arterial blood gases
a ____ ____ measures the amount of salt in sweat and is used to confirm cystic fibrosis.
sweat test
ear, nose and throat doctors, or _____, specialize in disorders of the upper respiratory tract.
otorhinolaryngologists
a _____ is excision of the tonsils (often to stop recurrent tonsillitis).
tonsillectomy
an _____ is removal of the adenoids.
adenoidectomy
a _____ removes the larynx (usually to stop cancerous growth).
laryngectomy
a ______ is the ecision of a lung.
pneumonectomy
a ______ is the excision of a lung lobe (as when cancer is present).
lobectomy
a _____ is the repair of a bronchus.
bronchoplasty
______ is the repair of the larynx.
laryngoplasty
_____ is the repair of the bones of the nose.
rhinoplasty
_____ is the repaid of the nasal septum.
septoplasty
_____ is the repair of the trachea.
tracheoplasty
____ ____ are specialists who usually perform procedures involving the respiratory system.
thoracic surgeons
a _____ is an incision of the larynx and trachea.
laryngotracheotomy
______ is the creation of an opening in the nasal septum.
septostomy
_____ is an incision of a sinus
sinusotomy
_____ is an incision into the chest cavity.
thoracotomy
____ is the establishment of an opening in the chest cavity to drain fluid.
thoracostom
_____ is an incision into the trachea, usually to provide an airway.
tracheotomy
____ is a surgical puncture of the larynx.
laryngocentesis
while the surgical puncture of the pleural space is _____.
pleurocentesis
the surgical puncture of the chest cavity is _____.
thoracentesis
an ____ is the insertion of a tub through the nose or mouth, pharynx, larynx and into the trachea to establish an airway.
endotracheal intubation
artificial openings into the respiratory tract may allow for alternative airways, as in a _____ (artificial tracheal opening) or a _____ (artificial laryngeal openings).
tracheostomy; laryngostomy
Specific to respiratory problems are _____, drugs that dilate the walls of the bronchi (as during an asthmatic attack), and _____, drugs that promote coughing and the expulsion of mucus.
bronchodilators; expectorants
_____ relieve coughing and _____ help congestion of the upper respiratory tract.
antitussives; decongestants
mechanical _____ actually serve as a breathing substitute for patients who cannot breathe on their own.
ventilators
_____ deliver medication through the nose or mouth to ease breathing problems.
nebulizers
arterial blood gas
ABG
acute respiratory distress syndrome or adult respiratory distress syndrome
ARDS
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD
continuous positive airway pressure
CPAP
lower respiratory tract
LRT
metered dose inhaler
MDI
pulmonary function test
PFT
sudden infant death syndrome
SIDS
shortness of breath
SOB
tuberculosis
TB
upper respiratory tract
URT
