Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 13: Structure and Function of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Structure and Function of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the _____ and _____ systems share some of the same structures and functions.

A

lymphatic; immune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

both the lymphatic and immune systems contain _____ ____, ____, ____ ____, and some of the disease-fighting ____ ____.

A

lymph nodes; spleen, thymus gland; immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the lymphatic system reduces ____ ____ by _____ fluid from capillary beds

A

tissue edema; removing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the lymphatic system returns the ____ from the fluids to the _____.

A

proteins; blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the lymphatic system traps and filters ____ ____, such as cancer cells and microbes, with the help of cells called _____

A

cellular debris; macrophagesq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the lymphatic system recycles ____ ____ to various parts of the body.

A

body fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the lymphatic system circulates ____ to assist with the immune response.

A

lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the lymphatic system moves fats from the ____ ____ to the blood.

A

GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the immune system protects the body against ____ ____ invasion.

A

foreign body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the immune system coordinates activities in the _____ , ____ ____, and the ____ ____ to protect the body from foreign body invasion.

A

blood; body tissues; lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the immune system fights off ______ and protects against future _____ by producing a variety of immune responses.

A

infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the immune system produces _____ (immunoglobulins).

A

antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the lymphatic system is similar to both the _____ and _____ systems in that it involves a network of vessels that transport fluid around the body.

A

cardiovascular and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

once plasma leaves the vascular system it is known as ____ ____

A

interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____ ____ provides nutrients and performs other functions in the exchange of fluids and from the cells.

A

interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

fluid that contains white blood cells and other substances and flows in the lymphatic vessels.

A

lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the ____ ____ are thin-walled vessels that receive fluid and debris from the bloodstream.

A

microscopic capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

specialized organs that filter harmful substances from the tissues and assists in the immune response.

A

lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

organ of the lymph system that filters and stores blood, removes old red blood cells and activates lymphocytes. Also filters foreign material from the blood, store blood, remove damaged or old red blood cells, and activate lymphocytes that destroy some of the foreign substances filtered from the blood.

A

spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a soft gland with two lobes that is involved in immune responses; located in mediastinum.

A

thymus gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

specialized white blood cells that receive markers in the thymus are responsible for cellular immunity and assist with hormonal immunity.

A

T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a kind of lymphocyte that manufactures antibodies.

A

B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hormone secreted by the thymus gland that aids indistrubution of thymocytes (T lymphocytes) and lymphocytes

A

thymosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

aden/o

A

gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

immun/o

A

immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

tox/o, toxi-, toxico-

A

poison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the immune system relies on the ____ ____ (RES), ____ system, ____ ____ system (or phagocytic system), and lymphoid system play a significant role in the functions of the immune system.

A

reticuloendothelial system; hematopoietic; mononuclear phagocytic;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

hematopoietic system is responsible for the production of the blood cells in the ____ ____.

A

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the leukocytes include ____, monocytes, and granulocytes.

A

lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The RES and phagocytic systems provide the phagocytes of the tissues and the phagocytes of the blood that are called ____ and ____.

A

macrophages; microphages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Phagocytes remove foreign particles from the body by the process of _____, the internalization or “eating” of the particles and the digestion of the particles for presentation to the appropriate cells of the immune system.

A

phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

the B cells are responsible for the production of _____ (also called immunoglobulins), that is, the humoral response.

A

antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

when disease-causing agents, _____, try to enter the body they often are stopped by the skin, the cilia in the nostrils, and various mucous membranes.

A

pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

in the bloodstream, certain substances called ____ may provoke an immune response to certain diseases.

A

antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

____ ____ is the human body’s natural resistance to certain diseases.

A

natural immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

the body develops ____ ____ ____ either by having a disease and producing natural antibodies to it or by being vaccinated against the disease.

A

acquired active immunity

41
Q

____ ____ or ____ is the injection of an ____, a substance that provokes an immune response from an organism that causes active immunity via the production of antibodies. This substance is called

A

immunity immunization; vaccination; antigen; vaccine

42
Q

acquired active immunity is further divided into two types. the first ____ ____, is immunity provided by ____ ____, which produce antibodies called _____.

A

humoral immunity; plasma cells; immunoglobulins

43
Q

immunoglobulin __ (IgG) is effective against bacteria, viruses, and toxins.

A

G

44
Q

immunoglobulin ___ (IgA) is common in exocrine gland secretions, such as breast milk, tears, nasal fluid, and gastric juice. Also transfers immunity from mother to infant through breast milk.

A

A

45
Q

immunoglobulin ___ (IgM) develops in the blood plasma in response to certain antigens within the body or from foreign sources. It is the first antibody to be produced after infection.

A

M

46
Q

immunoglobulin ___ (IgD) is important in B-cell activation, which helps immunity by transforming itself into a plasma cell in the presence of a specific type of antigen.

A

D

47
Q

immunoglobulin ___ (IgE) appears in glandular secretions and is associated with allergic reactions.

A

E

48
Q

the second type of acquired active immunity, or ____-____ ____ , is provided by the action of T cells.

A

cell-mediated immunity

49
Q

the T cells respond to antigens rapidly and producing proteins called lymphokines (____ and _____) that have antiviral properties that affect the actions of other cells.

A

interferons; interleukins

50
Q

____ ____ or CD4 cells that stimulate the immune response.

A

helper cells

51
Q

____ ____ or CD8 cells that help in the destruction of infected cells.

A

cytotoxic cells

52
Q

____ ____ or T cells (mainly CD8 and some CD4) that suppress B cells and other immune cells.

A

suppressor cells

53
Q

___ ___ ___ is immunity provided in the form of antibodies or antitoxins that have been developed in another person or another species.

A

acquired passive immunity

54
Q

a dose of ____ (antibody directed against specific toxins) is given to provide antibodies.

A

antitoxins

55
Q

____ ____ is a preparation of collected antibodies given to prevent or lessen certain diseases, such as hepatitis A, varicella, and rabies

A

gamma globulins

56
Q

_____ectomy is removal of the spleen.

A

splen-

57
Q

an agent that suppresses the immune response is an ____suppressor.

A

immuno-

58
Q

inflammation of the lymphatic vessels is ____itis.

A

lymphang-

59
Q

glandular cancer is ____carcinoma.

A

adeno-

60
Q

a _____cyte is a white blood cell associated with the immune response.

A

lympho-

61
Q

systemic poisoning is ____cosis.

A

toxi-

62
Q

_____pathy is disease affecting the lymph nodes.

A

lymphadeno-

63
Q

removal of the thymus is a ____ectomy

A

thym-

64
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is diagnosed mainly with two blood serum tests: ____- ____ _____ ____ (ELISA) and ____ ____ (EIA).

A

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Western blot

65
Q

an _____ is an immune over response to a stimulus.

A

allergy

66
Q

the most widespread virus that attacks the immune system is the ____ ____ ____ (HIV), a virus spread by sexual contact, exchange of bodily fluids, or intravenous exposure.

A

human immunodeficiency virus

67
Q

_____ or ____ ____ ____ is the most widespread ____ ____, a disease that suppresses the ability of the immune system to defend against infection.

A

AIDS; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; immunosuppressive disease

68
Q

AIDS is a complex of symptoms caused by HIV, which is a type of _____, a ribonucleic acid (RNA) that causes reversal cell copying.

A

retrovirus

69
Q

AIDS patients are subject to a number of ____ ____, infections that a healthy immune system can easily fight off but that take hold because of the lowered immune response.

A

opportunistic infections

70
Q

an infection of malignancy arising from capillary linings. Can affect the skin and lymph nodes.

A

Kaposi sarcoma

71
Q

_____, cancer of the lymph nodes, is a relatively common cancer with high cure rates.

A

lymphoma

72
Q

Two of the most common are ____ ____ (____ ____), a type of lymph cancer of uncertain origin that generally appears in early adulthood, and _____, a cancer of the lymph nodes with some cells resembling healthy cells and spreading in a diffuse pattern.

A

hodgkin’s disease; non-hodgkin lymphoma

73
Q

depending on how far the disease has spread (_____), both types can be arrested with chemotherapy and radiation.

A

metastasis

74
Q

a tumor of the thymus gland.

A

thymoma

75
Q

enlarged spleen

A

splenomegaly

76
Q

overactive spleen

A

hypersplenism

77
Q

resemblance of large lymphocytes.

A

lymphocytic lymphoma

78
Q

large macrophages also known as ____ ____.

A

histiocytic lymphoma

79
Q

nonmalignant lesions on the lymph nodes, lungs, spleen, skin and liver can indicate the presence of _____, an inflammatory condition that can affect lung function.

A

sarcoidosis

80
Q

swollen lymph nodes

A

lymphadenopathy

81
Q

lymphadenopathy can indicate the presence of ___ ___, an acute infectious disease caused by the epstein Barr virus.

A

infectious mononucleosis

82
Q

they are due to the productionf IgE antibodies against an _____, an allergy-causing substance.

A

allergen

83
Q

_____ increases as exposure increases, sometimes resulting in _____ (or anaphylactic reaction or shock, a reaction so severe that it can be life-threatening. decreasing BP, breathing, loss of consciousness.

A

hypersensitivity; anaphylaxis

84
Q

_____ ______, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma, result from the proliferation of T cells that react as though they were fighting a virus, but they are actually destroying healthy cells.

A

autoimmune disease

85
Q

____ ____ often result from the body’s need to fight an actual infection, during which the immune system becomes overactive.

A

autoimmune responses

86
Q

cancers of the lym system may require a ___ ___ ___, removal of cancerous lymph nodes for microscopic examination.

A

lymph node dissection

87
Q

_____ is the removal of a lymph node.

A

lymphadenectomy

88
Q

_____ is an incision into a lymph node.

A

lymphadenectomy

89
Q

_____ is a removal of the spleen, which is usually required if it is ruptured

A

splenectomy

90
Q

_____ is removal of the thymus gland

A

thymectomy

91
Q

antibiotic

A

AB

92
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

AIDS

93
Q

enzyme immunoassy

A

EIA

94
Q

enzyme-linked immunodeficiency virus

A

ELISA

95
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

HIV

96
Q

immunoglobulin

A

Ig

97
Q

PCP

A

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

98
Q

polymorphonucleated cells

A

PMN

99
Q

reticuloendothelial system

A

RES

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions