Chapter 10: Structure and Function of the Blood System Flashcards
agglutin/o
clumping
eosino
rosy red
erythr/o
red
hemo,hemat/o
blood
leuk/o
white
phag/o
eating, devouring
the main groups of plasma proteins are _____ (which helps regulate water movement between blood and tissue), _____, _____, and _____.
albumin; globulin; fibrinogen; prothrombin
the _____ and _____ _____, which are joined in the liver, transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
alpha; beta globulins
_____ _____ arise in the lymphatic tissue and function as part of the immune system.
gamma globulins
globulins can be separated from each other when plasma is placed in an special solution and electrical currents attract the different proteins to move in the direction of the electricity through a process called _____.
electrophoresis
blood also may be _______, put in a device that separates blood elements by spinning.
centrifuged
_____ is a process that uses centrifuging to take a patient’s blood and return only red cells to that patient.
plasmapheresis
fibrinogen and prothrombin are essential for blood _____, the process of clotting.
coagulation
they clump at the site and release a protein, _____, which combines with calcium and various clotting factors (I-V and VII-XIII) to form the ______.
thromboplastin; fibrin clot
_____, an enzyme, helps in formation of the clot. The clot tightens while releasing serum, a clear liquid.
thrombin
some elements of blood such as _____, prevents clots from forming during normal circulation.
heparin
The solid part of the blood that is suspended in the plasma consists of the red blood cells (RBCs), also called _____.
erythrocytes
white blood cells (WBCs), also called ______.
leukocytes
these cells, or the solids in the blood, make up about 45% of the blood.
thrombocytes
the measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells is known as the _____.
hematocrit
most blood cells are formed as ____ ____, or immature blood cells in the bone marrow.
stem cells
a type of WBC that is released during infections, allergic reactions and asthma.
granulocytes
release heparin and histamine
basophils
removes unwanted particles
eosinophils
kill parasites and help control inflammation
neutrophils
WBCs that work to coordinate the body’s defense system against infectious agents.
agranulocytes
important to immune system
lymphocytes
destroy large unwanted particles
monocytes
a hormone produced in the kidneys, _____ stimulates the production of RBCs in the bone marrow.
erythropoietin
a protein within RBCs, _____ aids in the transports of oxygen to the cells of the body.
hemoglobin
about one-third of each red blood cell is made up of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is composed of _____, a pigment containing iron, and _____ a protein.
heme; globin
______, or WBCs, protect against disease in various ways by destroying foreign substances.
leukocytes
the first group of leukocytes is _____. They have a granular cytoplasm and have nuclei with several lobes when viewed under a microscope and when stain is used. There are also three types.
granulocytes
_____ are the most plentiful leukocyte. They remove small particles of unwanted material from the bloodstream.
neutrophils
_____ make up only about 1-3% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream. They kill parasites and help control inflammations and allergic reactions
eosinophils
______ make up less than 1% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream. They release heparin, an anti clotting factor, _____, a substance involved in allergic reactions.
agranulocytes
platelets or thrombocytes, are fragments that break off from large cells in red bone marrow called _____.
megakaryocytes
what blood type has: A antigens and anti-B antibodies?
blood type A
what blood type have B antigens and anti-A antibodies?
blood type B
what blood type has A and B antigens and neither anti- A or B antibodies?
blood type AB
what blood type has neither A or B antigens but has both anti-A and B antibodies?
blood type O
what blood type can donate to blood types A and AB?
blood type A
what blood type can donate to blood type B and AB?
blood type B
what blood type can donate to blood type AB only but can receive from all others. (universal receiver)
blood type AB
what blood type can donate to all blood types (universal donor)
blood type O
when blood is need for ______, the blood being donated is tested for type and put into one of four human _____ _____ or _____
transfusion; blood types; groups
the danger in transfusing blood of a different type is that _____, or clumping of the antigens, stops the flow of blood, which can be fatal.
agglutination
in addition to the four human blood types, there is a positive or negative element in the blood. _____ _____ is a type of antigen first identified in rhesus monkeys.
Rh factor
____-_____ blood contains this factor and _____-______ blood does not.
Rh-positive; Rh-negative
the factor contains any of more than 30 types of _____, substances that cause agglutination and can be fatal to anyone who receives blood with a factor different from the donor’s blood.
agglutinogens
____penia is an abnormally low count of eosinophils.
eosino-
an immature WBC is a ______blast.
leuko-
a RBC is an _____cyte.
erythro-
a cell involved in blood clotting is _____cyte.
thrombo
_____gens cause the production of agglutinin.
agglutino-
a cell that consumes other substances, such as bacteria, is a _____cyte.
phago-
______dialysis is external dialysis performed by separating solid substances and water from the blood.
hemo-
______plasm is the solution that fills the cell and that is enclosed by the cell membrane.
cyto-
what test or procedure is a common screen for basic medical checkups?
complete blood count (CBC)
CBC tests may indicate…
iron-deficiency anemia, bacterial or viral infection, internal bleeding, etc.
what test or procedure is a test of plasma for presence of most substances, such as glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, and electrolytes?
blood chemistry
blood chemistry tests may indicate…
diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gout, circulatory disorders, etc.
what is a group of automated tests for various common diseases or disorders?
biochemistry panel
biochemistry tests indicate…
same as blood chemistry
what is a measurement of size volume and content of RBCs?
blood indices
blood indices indicate…
classification of anemias
a test of blood specimen in a culture in which microorganisms are observed; test for infections.
blood culture
blood culture indicates…
septicemia, bacterial infections
test for rate at which RBCs fall through plasma; indicator of inflammation and /or tissue injury.
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); sedimentation rate (SR)
______ or ______, the withdrawal of blood from examination, is probably the most frequently used diagnostic tool in medicine. Various measurements provide a clue as to someone’s general health and aid in diagnosing specific conditions.
phlebotomy; venipuncture
_____ is a general term for any disease of the blood with abnormal material present.
dyscrasia
_____ is a general term for a condition in which RBCs do not transport enough oxygen to the tissues due to a deficiency in number or quality of RBCs.
anemia
_____-_____ _____, a lack of enough iron in the blood that affects the production of hemoglobin.
iron-deficiency anemia
_____ ______, a failure of the bone marrow to produce enough RBCs
aplastic anemia
_____ _____, a condition in which the shape and number of the RBCs change due to a lack of sufficient vitamin B12.
pernicious anemia
_____ _____ _____ a hereditary condition characterized by sickle-shaped RBCs and a breakdown in RBC membranes.
sickle cell anemia
_____ _____, a disorder characterized by destruction of RBCs
hemolytic anemia
_____ ______, a disorder resulting from a sudden, dramatic loss of blood.
posthemorrhagic anemia
_____ _____ ______ is a hemorrhagic disorder in which there is a greater tendency to blood due to the lack of clotting factor called factor VIII.
von Willebrand disease
two other disorders of the blood that involve excessive bleeding are _____ and _____.
hemophilia; thrombocytopenia
thrombocytopenia is present in _____, a condition with multiple tiny hemorrhages under the skin.
purpura
_____ is a condition with a low number of all blood cell components.
pancytopenia
_____ is a disorder with an abnormally low number of RBCs.
erythropenia
_____ is a disease that causes an abnormal increase in RBCs and hemoglobin.
polycythemia
_____ is a disorder with breakdowns in the RBC membrane.
hemolysis
the major disease involving WBCs is _____.
leukemia
a _____ ______ ______ is used in the diagnosis of various blood disorders, such as anemia and leukemia.
bone marrow biopsy
a ____ ____ ____ is performed for serious ailments, such as leukemia and cancer.
bone marrow transplant
medications that directly affect the work of the blood system are _____ (to prevent blood clotting)
anticoagulants
_____ (to dissolve blood clots)
thrombolytics
______ or clotting agents (to aid in blood clotting)
coagulants
_____ (to stop bleeding such as vitamin K).
hemostatics
chemotherapy uses drugs to cause a _____ (disappearance of the disease) in leukemia.
remission
sometimes more treatment is needed when a (recurrence of the disease) occurs.
relapse
baso
basophil
BMT
bone marrow transplant
CBC, cbc
complete blood cell count
eos
eosinophil
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Hgb, Hb
hemoglobin
mono
monocyte
neut
neutrophil
PT
prothrombin time
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
RBC
red blood cell count
Rh
rhesus
SR
sedimentation rate
WBC
white blood cell count
