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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10: Structure and Function of the Blood System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Structure and Function of the Blood System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping

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2
Q

eosino

A

rosy red

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3
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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4
Q

hemo,hemat/o

A

blood

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5
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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6
Q

phag/o

A

eating, devouring

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7
Q

the main groups of plasma proteins are _____ (which helps regulate water movement between blood and tissue), _____, _____, and _____.

A

albumin; globulin; fibrinogen; prothrombin

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8
Q

the _____ and _____ _____, which are joined in the liver, transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.

A

alpha; beta globulins

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9
Q

_____ _____ arise in the lymphatic tissue and function as part of the immune system.

A

gamma globulins

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10
Q

globulins can be separated from each other when plasma is placed in an special solution and electrical currents attract the different proteins to move in the direction of the electricity through a process called _____.

A

electrophoresis

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11
Q

blood also may be _______, put in a device that separates blood elements by spinning.

A

centrifuged

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12
Q

_____ is a process that uses centrifuging to take a patient’s blood and return only red cells to that patient.

A

plasmapheresis

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13
Q

fibrinogen and prothrombin are essential for blood _____, the process of clotting.

A

coagulation

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14
Q

they clump at the site and release a protein, _____, which combines with calcium and various clotting factors (I-V and VII-XIII) to form the ______.

A

thromboplastin; fibrin clot

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15
Q

_____, an enzyme, helps in formation of the clot. The clot tightens while releasing serum, a clear liquid.

A

thrombin

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16
Q

some elements of blood such as _____, prevents clots from forming during normal circulation.

A

heparin

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17
Q

The solid part of the blood that is suspended in the plasma consists of the red blood cells (RBCs), also called _____.

A

erythrocytes

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18
Q

white blood cells (WBCs), also called ______.

A

leukocytes

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19
Q

these cells, or the solids in the blood, make up about 45% of the blood.

A

thrombocytes

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20
Q

the measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells is known as the _____.

A

hematocrit

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21
Q

most blood cells are formed as ____ ____, or immature blood cells in the bone marrow.

A

stem cells

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22
Q

a type of WBC that is released during infections, allergic reactions and asthma.

A

granulocytes

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23
Q

release heparin and histamine

A

basophils

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24
Q

removes unwanted particles

A

eosinophils

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25
Q

kill parasites and help control inflammation

A

neutrophils

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26
Q

WBCs that work to coordinate the body’s defense system against infectious agents.

A

agranulocytes

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27
Q

important to immune system

A

lymphocytes

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28
Q

destroy large unwanted particles

A

monocytes

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29
Q

a hormone produced in the kidneys, _____ stimulates the production of RBCs in the bone marrow.

A

erythropoietin

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30
Q

a protein within RBCs, _____ aids in the transports of oxygen to the cells of the body.

A

hemoglobin

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31
Q

about one-third of each red blood cell is made up of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is composed of _____, a pigment containing iron, and _____ a protein.

A

heme; globin

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32
Q

______, or WBCs, protect against disease in various ways by destroying foreign substances.

A

leukocytes

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33
Q

the first group of leukocytes is _____. They have a granular cytoplasm and have nuclei with several lobes when viewed under a microscope and when stain is used. There are also three types.

A

granulocytes

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34
Q

_____ are the most plentiful leukocyte. They remove small particles of unwanted material from the bloodstream.

A

neutrophils

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35
Q

_____ make up only about 1-3% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream. They kill parasites and help control inflammations and allergic reactions

A

eosinophils

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36
Q

______ make up less than 1% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream. They release heparin, an anti clotting factor, _____, a substance involved in allergic reactions.

A

agranulocytes

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37
Q

platelets or thrombocytes, are fragments that break off from large cells in red bone marrow called _____.

A

megakaryocytes

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38
Q

what blood type has: A antigens and anti-B antibodies?

A

blood type A

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39
Q

what blood type have B antigens and anti-A antibodies?

A

blood type B

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40
Q

what blood type has A and B antigens and neither anti- A or B antibodies?

A

blood type AB

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41
Q

what blood type has neither A or B antigens but has both anti-A and B antibodies?

A

blood type O

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42
Q

what blood type can donate to blood types A and AB?

A

blood type A

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43
Q

what blood type can donate to blood type B and AB?

A

blood type B

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44
Q

what blood type can donate to blood type AB only but can receive from all others. (universal receiver)

A

blood type AB

45
Q

what blood type can donate to all blood types (universal donor)

A

blood type O

46
Q

when blood is need for ______, the blood being donated is tested for type and put into one of four human _____ _____ or _____

A

transfusion; blood types; groups

47
Q

the danger in transfusing blood of a different type is that _____, or clumping of the antigens, stops the flow of blood, which can be fatal.

A

agglutination

48
Q

in addition to the four human blood types, there is a positive or negative element in the blood. _____ _____ is a type of antigen first identified in rhesus monkeys.

A

Rh factor

49
Q

____-_____ blood contains this factor and _____-______ blood does not.

A

Rh-positive; Rh-negative

50
Q

the factor contains any of more than 30 types of _____, substances that cause agglutination and can be fatal to anyone who receives blood with a factor different from the donor’s blood.

A

agglutinogens

51
Q

____penia is an abnormally low count of eosinophils.

A

eosino-

52
Q

an immature WBC is a ______blast.

A

leuko-

53
Q

a RBC is an _____cyte.

A

erythro-

54
Q

a cell involved in blood clotting is _____cyte.

A

thrombo

55
Q

_____gens cause the production of agglutinin.

A

agglutino-

56
Q

a cell that consumes other substances, such as bacteria, is a _____cyte.

A

phago-

57
Q

______dialysis is external dialysis performed by separating solid substances and water from the blood.

A

hemo-

58
Q

______plasm is the solution that fills the cell and that is enclosed by the cell membrane.

A

cyto-

59
Q

what test or procedure is a common screen for basic medical checkups?

A

complete blood count (CBC)

60
Q

CBC tests may indicate…

A

iron-deficiency anemia, bacterial or viral infection, internal bleeding, etc.

61
Q

what test or procedure is a test of plasma for presence of most substances, such as glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, and electrolytes?

A

blood chemistry

62
Q

blood chemistry tests may indicate…

A

diabetes, hyperlipidemia, gout, circulatory disorders, etc.

63
Q

what is a group of automated tests for various common diseases or disorders?

A

biochemistry panel

64
Q

biochemistry tests indicate…

A

same as blood chemistry

65
Q

what is a measurement of size volume and content of RBCs?

A

blood indices

66
Q

blood indices indicate…

A

classification of anemias

67
Q

a test of blood specimen in a culture in which microorganisms are observed; test for infections.

A

blood culture

68
Q

blood culture indicates…

A

septicemia, bacterial infections

69
Q

test for rate at which RBCs fall through plasma; indicator of inflammation and /or tissue injury.

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); sedimentation rate (SR)

70
Q

______ or ______, the withdrawal of blood from examination, is probably the most frequently used diagnostic tool in medicine. Various measurements provide a clue as to someone’s general health and aid in diagnosing specific conditions.

A

phlebotomy; venipuncture

71
Q

_____ is a general term for any disease of the blood with abnormal material present.

A

dyscrasia

72
Q

_____ is a general term for a condition in which RBCs do not transport enough oxygen to the tissues due to a deficiency in number or quality of RBCs.

A

anemia

73
Q

_____-_____ _____, a lack of enough iron in the blood that affects the production of hemoglobin.

A

iron-deficiency anemia

74
Q

_____ ______, a failure of the bone marrow to produce enough RBCs

A

aplastic anemia

75
Q

_____ _____, a condition in which the shape and number of the RBCs change due to a lack of sufficient vitamin B12.

A

pernicious anemia

76
Q

_____ _____ _____ a hereditary condition characterized by sickle-shaped RBCs and a breakdown in RBC membranes.

A

sickle cell anemia

77
Q

_____ _____, a disorder characterized by destruction of RBCs

A

hemolytic anemia

78
Q

_____ ______, a disorder resulting from a sudden, dramatic loss of blood.

A

posthemorrhagic anemia

79
Q

_____ _____ ______ is a hemorrhagic disorder in which there is a greater tendency to blood due to the lack of clotting factor called factor VIII.

A

von Willebrand disease

80
Q

two other disorders of the blood that involve excessive bleeding are _____ and _____.

A

hemophilia; thrombocytopenia

81
Q

thrombocytopenia is present in _____, a condition with multiple tiny hemorrhages under the skin.

A

purpura

82
Q

_____ is a condition with a low number of all blood cell components.

A

pancytopenia

83
Q

_____ is a disorder with an abnormally low number of RBCs.

A

erythropenia

84
Q

_____ is a disease that causes an abnormal increase in RBCs and hemoglobin.

A

polycythemia

85
Q

_____ is a disorder with breakdowns in the RBC membrane.

A

hemolysis

86
Q

the major disease involving WBCs is _____.

A

leukemia

87
Q

a _____ ______ ______ is used in the diagnosis of various blood disorders, such as anemia and leukemia.

A

bone marrow biopsy

88
Q

a ____ ____ ____ is performed for serious ailments, such as leukemia and cancer.

A

bone marrow transplant

89
Q

medications that directly affect the work of the blood system are _____ (to prevent blood clotting)

A

anticoagulants

90
Q

_____ (to dissolve blood clots)

A

thrombolytics

91
Q

______ or clotting agents (to aid in blood clotting)

A

coagulants

92
Q

_____ (to stop bleeding such as vitamin K).

A

hemostatics

93
Q

chemotherapy uses drugs to cause a _____ (disappearance of the disease) in leukemia.

A

remission

94
Q

sometimes more treatment is needed when a (recurrence of the disease) occurs.

A

relapse

95
Q

baso

A

basophil

96
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

97
Q

CBC, cbc

A

complete blood cell count

98
Q

eos

A

eosinophil

99
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

100
Q

Hgb, Hb

A

hemoglobin

101
Q

mono

A

monocyte

102
Q

neut

A

neutrophil

103
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time

104
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time

105
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell count

106
Q

Rh

A

rhesus

107
Q

SR

A

sedimentation rate

108
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell count

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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