Chapter 4 - Animal Tissue, Organs and Systems Flashcards
What is insoluble?
Can not dissolve
What is soluble?
Can dissolve
What is an Enzyme?
A biological molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction.
What is a Sphincter?
A ring of muscle that can open or close a tube
What is a Pathogen?
A disease-causing microorganism
E.g a bacterium or fungus
What is bile and where is it stored in the digestive system?
A green coloured liquid produced by your liver, stored in the gall bladder.
Released into the small intestine to help break down fats.
What is Lipids?
Fats or oils, which are insoluble in water.
What is defecation?
Removing solid waste from the body
What are substrates?
The molecules on which an enzyme acts.
What is the product?
The substances produced by an enzyme reaction.
What is the lock and key hypothesis for enzymes?
A model that explains the action of enzymes.
What is an active site?
The region of an enzyme that binds to its substrate.
What is the meaning of denatured?
A permanent change to an enzyme as a result of extremes of pH or high temperature, which stop it working.
What is an artery?
The blood vessel that carry’s blood away from the heart.
What is a vein?
A blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart.
What are capillaries (capillary) ?
Blood vessel that joins arteries and veins.
Substances pass through capillary walls to and from the surrounding cells.
What is an atrium? (Plural atria)
The upper chamber of the heart, surrounded by a this wall of muscle.
What are ventricles?
The lower chamber of the heart, surrounded by a thicker wall of muscle.
What is deoxygenated?
Blood without oxygen.
What is haemoglobin?
The protein in red blood cells that temporarily bind with oxygen to carry it around your body
What is a oxyhaemoglobin?
The name given to a substance formed when haemoglobin in your red blood cells temporarily bind oxygen
What is phagocyte?
A type of white blood cell that engulfs the pathogen.
What is lymphocytes?
A type of white blood cell that produce antibodies to help plant pathogens together to make them easier to destroy
What are antibodies?
A protein produced by lymphocytes that recognises pathogens and helps to clump them together
What are platelets?
Small structures in your blood that fuse together to form a scab. They do this by releasing chemicals called clotting factors. they help blood clots.
What are the components of blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and blood plasma.
What are Connery arteries?
Arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.
What is atherosclerosis?
A medical condition resulting from an unhealthy lifestyle that reduces the flexibility of our arteries.
What is cholesterol?
An important biological molecule for cell membranes but leads to atherosclerosis if found in high levels in the blood.
What is a heart bypass?
A medical procedure in which is section of less important artery is moved to allow blood to flow around the blockage in a more important one.
What is a stent?
A small medical device made from mesh to keep arteries open.
What is the meaning of being healthy?
Healthy is defined as a state of physical and mental well-being.
Having a well balanced diet, regular exercise, reducing stress and seeking medical help for mental or physical difficulties.
What is a milignant tumour?
A cancerous tumour that has spread to other parts of the body
What is a benign tumour?
A non-cancerous tumour that does not spread.
What is risk factor?
Any aspect of your lifestyle or substance in your body increases the rest of the disease developing.
What is causation?
The act of making something happen
What is correlation?
When an action and outcome are linked but the actions not necessarily cause the outcome.
What is carcinogen?
A cancer-causing substance.
