Chapter 2 - Cell Division Flashcards
What are sex cells called?
Sperm and ova
Gametes
What does Hapliod mean?
Half of an organisms DNA in them
What does Diploid mean?
Any cell with two copies of DNA - one set from mum and one set from dad
How many chromosomes does a human have?
23 pairs or 46 chromosomes in a diploid human cell
What is a 🧬 Gene ?
A section of a chromosome made from DNA that carries the code to make protein
What does the term Alleles mean?
Two versions of the same gene, one from mum and another from dad
What does the term Mitosis mean?
Cell replication that produces two identical copies of a diploid cell.
What is the steps in Mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is the prophase stage in Mitosis?
Prophase
- it begins
- chromosomes get bigger and thicker
- nucleus envelope membrane disappears
Later - spindle fibres begin to form
What is the Metaphase in Mitosis?
Middle
- the chromosomes line up in the middle
- spindle Forres connect to centre of chromosomes (centromeres)
What is the Anaphase in Mitosis?
Away
- chromosomes break away from the centre move to opposite ends of the cell
What is the Telophase of Mitosis?
Two
- New nucleus membrane and nucleoli form
- The Cell splits into two daughter cells
What does the term Daughter cells mean?
The cells produced in mitosis. Each new cell is an exact copy of the original cell.
What does the term Chromatid mean?
A copy of a chromosome during cell division
What does the term Cytokinesis mean?
The final part of the cell cycle after Mitosis in which the cell splits in two
What does the term Interphase mean?
The active life of a cell before the Mitosis begins. The cell is preparing for Mitosis.
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell that can develop into one or more types of specialised cell.
What does the term Differentiate mean?
To specialise or adapt for a particular function.
What is an Adult stem cell?
Adult stem cells can only grow in specific parts of the body such as bone marrow. They can only be one thing.
What is an Embryonic Stem Cell?
They can grow into anything and are specialised Cell. They are totipotent.
Used for repair, growth and replace.
What is the term Meristem?
An area of a plant in which rapid cell division occurs, in the roots and shoots.
What does the term Hormone mean?
A chemical that moves around an organism to change the function of target cells, tissue or organs.
What does the term Clone mean?
An organism produced asexually that has identical genes to its parent.
What is Genetic Variation?
Inherited differences in organisms.
What is Environmental variation?
Differences in organisms as a result of the environment in which they live.
What is Ethical issue?
An idea some people disagree with for religious or moral reasons.
What is the term In Vitro Fertilisation?
(IVF)
A medical procedure in which ova are fertilised outside of a woman, then placed into her uterus to develop into a baby.
