Chapter 2 - Cell Division

Question 1

What are sex cells called?

Sperm and ova

Answer 1

Gametes

Question 2

What does Hapliod mean?

Answer 2

Half of an organisms DNA in them

Question 3

What does Diploid mean?

Answer 3

Any cell with two copies of DNA - one set from mum and one set from dad

Question 4

How many chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 4

23 pairs or 46 chromosomes in a diploid human cell

Question 5

What is a 🧬 Gene ?

Answer 5

A section of a chromosome made from DNA that carries the code to make protein

Question 6

What does the term Alleles mean?

Answer 6

Two versions of the same gene, one from mum and another from dad

Question 7

What does the term Mitosis mean?

Answer 7

Cell replication that produces two identical copies of a diploid cell.

Question 8

What is the steps in Mitosis?

Answer 8

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 9

What is the prophase stage in Mitosis?

Answer 9

Prophase

• it begins
• chromosomes get bigger and thicker
• nucleus envelope membrane disappears

Later - spindle fibres begin to form

Question 10

What is the Metaphase in Mitosis?

Answer 10

Middle

• the chromosomes line up in the middle
• spindle Forres connect to centre of chromosomes (centromeres)

Question 11

What is the Anaphase in Mitosis?

Answer 11

Away

- chromosomes break away from the centre move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 12

What is the Telophase of Mitosis?

Answer 12

Two

• New nucleus membrane and nucleoli form
• The Cell splits into two daughter cells

Question 13

What does the term Daughter cells mean?

Answer 13

The cells produced in mitosis. Each new cell is an exact copy of the original cell.

Question 14

What does the term Chromatid mean?

Answer 14

A copy of a chromosome during cell division

Question 15

What does the term Cytokinesis mean?

Answer 15

The final part of the cell cycle after Mitosis in which the cell splits in two

Question 16

What does the term Interphase mean?

Answer 16

The active life of a cell before the Mitosis begins. The cell is preparing for Mitosis.

Question 17

What is a stem cell?

Answer 17

An undifferentiated cell that can develop into one or more types of specialised cell.

Question 18

What does the term Differentiate mean?

Answer 18

To specialise or adapt for a particular function.

Question 19

What is an Adult stem cell?

Answer 19

Adult stem cells can only grow in specific parts of the body such as bone marrow. They can only be one thing.

Question 20

What is an Embryonic Stem Cell?

Answer 20

They can grow into anything and are specialised Cell. They are totipotent.

Used for repair, growth and replace.

Question 21

What is the term Meristem?

Answer 21

An area of a plant in which rapid cell division occurs, in the roots and shoots.

Question 22

What does the term Hormone mean?

Answer 22

A chemical that moves around an organism to change the function of target cells, tissue or organs.

Question 23

What does the term Clone mean?

Answer 23

An organism produced asexually that has identical genes to its parent.

Question 24

What is Genetic Variation?

Answer 24

Inherited differences in organisms.

Question 25

What is Environmental variation?

Answer 25

Differences in organisms as a result of the environment in which they live.

Question 26

What is Ethical issue?

Answer 26

An idea some people disagree with for religious or moral reasons.

Question 27

What is the term In Vitro Fertilisation?

Answer 27

(IVF)

A medical procedure in which ova are fertilised outside of a woman, then placed into her uterus to develop into a baby.