Chapter 11 - The Human Nervous System Flashcards
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a constant internal environment.
What does your body need to maintain all the time?
Blood glucose concentration
Body temperature
Water balance
What does CNS stand for?
Central Nervous System
The brain and the spinal cord.
What is the flow for how the nervous system enables the body to respond to change?
Receptors - in the body and they detect a change inside or outside your body
⬇️
CNS - coordinations your body’s response
⬇️
Effectors - cause a response by moving part of your body or secreting a hormone.
What does the nervous system control?
Controls the voluntary and involuntary actions and responsible for transmitting and receiving impulses in different parts of its body.
What is a receptor?
A cell or group of cells at the beginning of a pathway of neutrons that detects a change and generates an electrical impulse.
What is a sensory neurone?
A neurone that carries an electrical impulse from a receptor towards the CNS.
What is a relay neurone?
A neurone that carries an electrical impulse around the CNS
What is a motor neurone?
A neurone that carries an electrical impulse away from the CNS to an effector.
What is the effector?
A muscle or a gland
What is synapses?
A gap between the axon of one nerve and the dendrites of another where chemical neurotransmitters transmit the impulse.
What are dendrites?
The branched beginnings of neurone, which can detect chemical neurotransmitters and start another electrical impulse.
What is reflex response?
An automatic response that you do not think about
What is a reflex arc?
The route of an electrical impulse that avoids the brain to save time and so helps prevent damage to your body.
What is the cerebral cortex in the brain?
The outer layer of the brain, which plays an important role in consciousness.
What is the cerebellum in the brain?
A part of the back of the brain that coordinates muscular activity.
What is the medulla oblongata in the brain?
A part is the brain above the spinal cord that controls your breathing and heart rates.
What is the function of the frontal lobe in the brain?
Controls voluntary movements
What is the function of the temporal lobe of the brain?
Provides our visual memories and processes language
What is the function of the parietal lobe in the brain?
Processes with sensory information
What is the function of the occipital lobe in the brain?
Processes visual information
What is the structure of the eye?
Optic nerve Retina Ciliary body Lens Cornea Iris Sclera Choroid Fovea
What does it mean by accommodation of the eye?
Changing the shape of the lens in your eye to focus on near or far objects
What is hyperopia for the eye?
A medical condition called long sightedness in which people can not clearly see objects close to them.
What is myopia with the eye?
A medical condition called short sightedness in which people can not see objects far away.
What does your body do to control your body temperature when too hot?
When your body becomes too hot, sweat glands in the body start to produce sweat
What does your body do when you are too cold?
When you become too cold you start to shiver. This is an involuntary movement.
What is vasodilation?
The increase in the size of blood vessels to increase the flow of blood to the surface of the skin and therefore increase heat loss.
What is vasoconstriction?
The reduce on the size of your blood vessels to reduce the flow of blood to the surface of the skin and therefore reduce heat loss.
What is hypothermia?
When your body’s core temperature falls below 35.
Shivering and mental confusion will happen. This could lead to organs to fail and death.
What is hyperthermia?
When the temperature goes above 38.5.
Headaches, nausea and vomiting will start. This is followed again with organ failure and death.
