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Biology > Chapter 11 - The Human Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - The Human Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment.

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2
Q

What does your body need to maintain all the time?

A

Blood glucose concentration
Body temperature
Water balance

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3
Q

What does CNS stand for?

A

Central Nervous System

The brain and the spinal cord.

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4
Q

What is the flow for how the nervous system enables the body to respond to change?

A

Receptors - in the body and they detect a change inside or outside your body
⬇️
CNS - coordinations your body’s response
⬇️
Effectors - cause a response by moving part of your body or secreting a hormone.

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5
Q

What does the nervous system control?

A

Controls the voluntary and involuntary actions and responsible for transmitting and receiving impulses in different parts of its body.

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6
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A cell or group of cells at the beginning of a pathway of neutrons that detects a change and generates an electrical impulse.

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7
Q

What is a sensory neurone?

A

A neurone that carries an electrical impulse from a receptor towards the CNS.

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8
Q

What is a relay neurone?

A

A neurone that carries an electrical impulse around the CNS

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9
Q

What is a motor neurone?

A

A neurone that carries an electrical impulse away from the CNS to an effector.

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10
Q

What is the effector?

A

A muscle or a gland

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11
Q

What is synapses?

A

A gap between the axon of one nerve and the dendrites of another where chemical neurotransmitters transmit the impulse.

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12
Q

What are dendrites?

A

The branched beginnings of neurone, which can detect chemical neurotransmitters and start another electrical impulse.

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13
Q

What is reflex response?

A

An automatic response that you do not think about

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14
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

The route of an electrical impulse that avoids the brain to save time and so helps prevent damage to your body.

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15
Q

What is the cerebral cortex in the brain?

A

The outer layer of the brain, which plays an important role in consciousness.

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16
Q

What is the cerebellum in the brain?

A

A part of the back of the brain that coordinates muscular activity.

17
Q

What is the medulla oblongata in the brain?

A

A part is the brain above the spinal cord that controls your breathing and heart rates.

18
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe in the brain?

A

Controls voluntary movements

19
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe of the brain?

A

Provides our visual memories and processes language

20
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe in the brain?

A

Processes with sensory information

21
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe in the brain?

A

Processes visual information

22
Q

What is the structure of the eye?

A 
Optic nerve 
Retina
Ciliary body 
Lens
Cornea
Iris 
Sclera
Choroid
Fovea
23
Q

What does it mean by accommodation of the eye?

A

Changing the shape of the lens in your eye to focus on near or far objects

24
Q

What is hyperopia for the eye?

A

A medical condition called long sightedness in which people can not clearly see objects close to them.

25
Q

What is myopia with the eye?

A

A medical condition called short sightedness in which people can not see objects far away.

26
Q

What does your body do to control your body temperature when too hot?

A

When your body becomes too hot, sweat glands in the body start to produce sweat

27
Q

What does your body do when you are too cold?

A

When you become too cold you start to shiver. This is an involuntary movement.

28
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The increase in the size of blood vessels to increase the flow of blood to the surface of the skin and therefore increase heat loss.

29
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

The reduce on the size of your blood vessels to reduce the flow of blood to the surface of the skin and therefore reduce heat loss.

30
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

When your body’s core temperature falls below 35.

Shivering and mental confusion will happen. This could lead to organs to fail and death.

31
Q

What is hyperthermia?

A

When the temperature goes above 38.5.

Headaches, nausea and vomiting will start. This is followed again with organ failure and death.

Biology (22 decks)

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