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Biology > Chapter 14 - Reproduction > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the term asexual mean?

A

Reproduction only involving one parent and giving genetically identical offspring .

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2
Q

What is Binary fission?

A

The asexual reproduction of bacteria.

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3
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Reproduction involving both parents

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4
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

A process by which humans have chosen organisms to breed together to develop desirable characteristics, famously in dogs.

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5
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

Another name for selective breeding.

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6
Q

What is self-pollination?

A

When pollen from one plant fertilises ova from the same plant.

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7
Q

What is cross-pollination?

A

When pollen from one plant fertilises ova from a different plant.

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8
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell replication that produces four non-identical haploid cells from one diploid cell.

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9
Q

What is menstruating?

A

Having a period, as a part of the menstrual cycle.

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10
Q

What is genome?

A

One copy of all the DNA found in your diploid body cells.

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11
Q

What is the term DNA finger printing

A

The analysis of differences in DNA to indenting individuals

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12
Q

What is Evolution?

A

The theory first proposed by Charles Darwin that the different species found today formed as a result of the accumulation of small advantages that wee passed through the generations. Oh

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13
Q

What is double helix?

A

The characteristics spiral structure of DNA

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14
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

A DNA base together with a sugar and phosphate molecule that make up the backbone of the double helix

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15
Q

What is the human genome project?

A

Was the worlds largest collaborative scientific project ever undertaken.

Continued to work on identifying where genes begin and end in this sequence of bases. Early benefits of the HGP have been genetic tests that show the likelihood of some illnesses developing, breast cancer and cystic fibrosis.

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16
Q

What is transcription?

A

The process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence of DNA.

17
Q

What is translation?

A

The process of making a protein from RNA copy of a gene sequence of DNA.

18
Q

What is mutation?

A

A permanent change to DNA, which may be advantageous, disadvantages or have no effect.

19
Q

What is ionising radiation?

A

Uv rays, x-rays and gamma rays that can cause mutations to DNA

20
Q

What is collagen?

A

The main structural protein in animals connective tissue such as tendons, ligaments and skin.

21
Q

What is alleles?

A

Two versions of the same gene, one from your mother and the other from your farther.

22
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genetic makeup of an organism represented by letters.

23
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The physical characteristics of an organism as described by words.

24
Q

What is a punnet square?

A

A grid that makes determining chance of inheriting a characteristic easier to understand.

25
Q

What is dominate when talking genes?

A

Will show a characteristic if inherited from one or both parents. - capital letters (B)

26
Q

What is recessive when talking about genes?

A

Will show a character only if inherited from both parents - little letter (b)

27
Q

What is homozygous dominate when talking about genes?

A

A genotype with two dominate alleles.

28
Q

What is a homozygous recessive when talking about genes?

A

A genotype with two recessive alleles.

29
Q

What is heterozygous when talking about genes?

A

A genotype with one dominate and one recessive allele.

30
Q

What is cystic fibrosis (CF)?

A

A genetic disorder in which suffered inherit a recessive alleles from both parents and have excess muscle in their lungs.

31
Q

Which sex has the X chromosome?

A

The female

32
Q

Which sex has both the X and Y chromosome?

A

The male.

33
Q

What sex will the child be if they have XX chromosomes?

A

It will be a girl.

34
Q

What sex will the baby be if it has XY chromosomes?

A

It will be a bit.

Biology (22 decks)

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