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Biology > Chapter 1 - Cell Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Eukaryotes?

A

They are all animal and plant cells.

Single and multicellular
Larger than Prokaryotes

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2
Q

What is another word for cell?

A

Organisms.

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3
Q

What are Prokaryotes?

A

They are all bacterial cells.

Single cell
No nucleus
Smaller than Eukaryotes
Plasmids - small rings of DNA

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4
Q

What does a Prokaryotes cell have?

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A 
Plasmids 
Cytoplasm 
Ribsome 
Cell wall 
Cell membrane 
Single DNA loop
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5
Q

What does an Eukaryotic animal cell have?

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A 
Mitochondria 
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Ribsome 
Nucleus
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6
Q

What does an eukaryotic plant cell have?

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A 
Mitochondria 
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Ribsome 
Nucleus 
Cell wall
Vacuole 
Chloroplast
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7
Q

What are Plasmids?

A

In a bacteria cell

Circle of DNA

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8
Q

What is a single DNA loop in a Prokaryotes?

A

DNA not held in a Nucleus

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9
Q

What is a cytoplasm?

A

Fluid part of a cell
Hold component of ribsomes
Chemical reactions take place

In both Prokaryotes and Eukaryote

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10
Q

What are Ribsomes?

A

Proteins are made

In both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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11
Q

What is a cell wall ?

A

Provides support for the cell.

In both Prokaryotes and Eukaryote plants

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12
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

Controls the substances in and out of the cell

In both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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13
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

Controls all he activity
Has genetic DNA arranged into chromosomes.

Found in Eukaryotes

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14
Q

What is Mitochondria?

A

Where energy is released in respiration

Found in Eukaryotes

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15
Q

What is a Vacuole?

A

It is filled with cell sap
turgid - bloated cell sap

Found in Eukaryote plant only

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16
Q

What is Chloroplast?

A

Filled with green pigment called chlorophyll- colourfill

absorbs sun light energy to make food in the process of photosynthesis.

Found only in Eukaryote plant

17
Q

What is Xylem cell?

A

Long tubes running along from roots to stems.

Carry water and minerals from soil

Hollow tube - no contents and no end walls

The cells inside are dead

Reinforced sides to hold up the plant, substance is called lignin

18
Q

What does the term transpiration mean?

A

It is the process in which water evaporates and is lost through the leaves.

19
Q

What is a Phloem cell?

A

They are living cells

Carries the glucose made in photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plants in the cell sap.

Siege plates inside

The sugar is used in respiration to release energy for the plant or is stored.

20
Q

What is the structure and function of a Nerve Cell

A

Structure

  • very long, elongated cells
  • Nerve cells have branched at either end to make connections with many other nerve cells.

Function
- To carry electrical nerve impulses around your body

21
Q

What is the structure and function of a Egg Cell?

A

Structure

  • Contains vesicles of fat and other nutrients which acts as a food source for the developing embryo.
  • Mitochondria to provide energy for cell division

Function
- To be fertilised by the sperm cell

22
Q

What is the structure and function of a Red Blood Cell?

A

Structure
- Biconcave shape to fit through narrow blood vessels and to absorb more oxygen quickly.
- Large surface area to hold lots of oxygen
No nucleus to make more room for oxygen.

Function
- Carries oxygen around the body to repairing cells.

23
Q

What is the structure and function of a Sperm Cell?

A

Structure

  • Long rail to swim towards the egg cell
  • Mitochondria bear tail to release energy to aid it swimming
  • Enzymes in the head of the cell to digest outer layer of the egg cell

Function
- To swim towards the egg cell and fertilise it.

24
Q

What is the structure and function of a Palisade Cell?

A

Structure

  • Large surface area to absorb large amount of sunlight
  • Lots of chloroplasts to increase sites of photosynthesis

Function
- To trap sunlight, carry out photosynthesis and generate food for the plant

25
Q

What is the structure and function of a Root Hair Cell?

A

Structure

  • Large surface area
  • Thin Cell wall so water can pass through easily

Function
- To absorb minerals and water from the soil through the roots

26
Q

What is the structure and function of a Ciliated Epithelial Cell?

A

Structure

  • Tiny hairs called Cilia line the surface of these cells
  • Found in the throat

Function

  • Cilia hairs sweep mucus containing trapped dirt back up the throat
  • Stop ling and respiratory damage
27
Q

What are the parts of a Light Microscope?

A
  • Eyepiece lens
  • Coarse focus
  • Fine focus
  • Objective lens
  • Specimen
  • Stage
  • Light/ Mirror
28
Q

How do you total the magnification of an image?

A

Total magnification = magnification of eyepiece lens x magnification of objective lens

29
Q

What does an Electron microscope use as a ray of light?

A

They use electrons in place of rays of light to make an image.

30
Q

What are the disadvantages of an Electron microscope?

A
  • very expensive

- heavy machines

31
Q

What is an advantage to using a Electron microscope?

A

It has a higher resolution which means it can magnify much more than a light microscope.

32
Q

What does the term Resolution mean?

A

The smallest distance between two separate points.

33
Q

What is the formula triangle for calculating magnifications, real size and image size?

A

/_\ I at the top - image size
A at bottom left - actual size
M at bottom right - magnification

Actual and magnification you times to get image size

Actual or magnification you divide with image size to get either or

Biology (22 decks)

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