Chapter 1 - Cell Structure Flashcards
What are Eukaryotes?
They are all animal and plant cells.
Single and multicellular
Larger than Prokaryotes
What is another word for cell?
Organisms.
What are Prokaryotes?
They are all bacterial cells.
Single cell
No nucleus
Smaller than Eukaryotes
Plasmids - small rings of DNA
What does a Prokaryotes cell have?
Please Can Ryan Call Cats Stupid
Plasmids Cytoplasm Ribsome Cell wall Cell membrane Single DNA loop
What does an Eukaryotic animal cell have?
My Cat Can’t Run Now
Mitochondria Cell membrane Cytoplasm Ribsome Nucleus
What does an eukaryotic plant cell have?
My Cat Can’t Run Now Cause Van Crash
Mitochondria Cell membrane Cytoplasm Ribsome Nucleus Cell wall Vacuole Chloroplast
What are Plasmids?
In a bacteria cell
Circle of DNA
What is a single DNA loop in a Prokaryotes?
DNA not held in a Nucleus
What is a cytoplasm?
Fluid part of a cell
Hold component of ribsomes
Chemical reactions take place
In both Prokaryotes and Eukaryote
What are Ribsomes?
Proteins are made
In both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What is a cell wall ?
Provides support for the cell.
In both Prokaryotes and Eukaryote plants
What is a cell membrane?
Controls the substances in and out of the cell
In both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What is a Nucleus?
Controls all he activity
Has genetic DNA arranged into chromosomes.
Found in Eukaryotes
What is Mitochondria?
Where energy is released in respiration
Found in Eukaryotes
What is a Vacuole?
It is filled with cell sap
turgid - bloated cell sap
Found in Eukaryote plant only
What is Chloroplast?
Filled with green pigment called chlorophyll- colourfill
absorbs sun light energy to make food in the process of photosynthesis.
Found only in Eukaryote plant
What is Xylem cell?
Long tubes running along from roots to stems.
Carry water and minerals from soil
Hollow tube - no contents and no end walls
The cells inside are dead
Reinforced sides to hold up the plant, substance is called lignin
What does the term transpiration mean?
It is the process in which water evaporates and is lost through the leaves.
What is a Phloem cell?
They are living cells
Carries the glucose made in photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plants in the cell sap.
Siege plates inside
The sugar is used in respiration to release energy for the plant or is stored.
What is the structure and function of a Nerve Cell
Structure
- very long, elongated cells
- Nerve cells have branched at either end to make connections with many other nerve cells.
Function
- To carry electrical nerve impulses around your body
What is the structure and function of a Egg Cell?
Structure
- Contains vesicles of fat and other nutrients which acts as a food source for the developing embryo.
- Mitochondria to provide energy for cell division
Function
- To be fertilised by the sperm cell
What is the structure and function of a Red Blood Cell?
Structure
- Biconcave shape to fit through narrow blood vessels and to absorb more oxygen quickly.
- Large surface area to hold lots of oxygen
No nucleus to make more room for oxygen.
Function
- Carries oxygen around the body to repairing cells.
What is the structure and function of a Sperm Cell?
Structure
- Long rail to swim towards the egg cell
- Mitochondria bear tail to release energy to aid it swimming
- Enzymes in the head of the cell to digest outer layer of the egg cell
Function
- To swim towards the egg cell and fertilise it.
What is the structure and function of a Palisade Cell?
Structure
- Large surface area to absorb large amount of sunlight
- Lots of chloroplasts to increase sites of photosynthesis
Function
- To trap sunlight, carry out photosynthesis and generate food for the plant
What is the structure and function of a Root Hair Cell?
Structure
- Large surface area
- Thin Cell wall so water can pass through easily
Function
- To absorb minerals and water from the soil through the roots
What is the structure and function of a Ciliated Epithelial Cell?
Structure
- Tiny hairs called Cilia line the surface of these cells
- Found in the throat
Function
- Cilia hairs sweep mucus containing trapped dirt back up the throat
- Stop ling and respiratory damage
What are the parts of a Light Microscope?
- Eyepiece lens
- Coarse focus
- Fine focus
- Objective lens
- Specimen
- Stage
- Light/ Mirror
How do you total the magnification of an image?
Total magnification = magnification of eyepiece lens x magnification of objective lens
What does an Electron microscope use as a ray of light?
They use electrons in place of rays of light to make an image.
What are the disadvantages of an Electron microscope?
- very expensive
- heavy machines
What is an advantage to using a Electron microscope?
It has a higher resolution which means it can magnify much more than a light microscope.
What does the term Resolution mean?
The smallest distance between two separate points.
What is the formula triangle for calculating magnifications, real size and image size?
/_\ I at the top - image size
A at bottom left - actual size
M at bottom right - magnification
Actual and magnification you times to get image size
Actual or magnification you divide with image size to get either or
